Climate Research

2003 Submissions

[2] viXra:2003.0088 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-18 14:57:17

Urban Heat Island Amplification Estimates on Global Warming Using an Albedo Model

Authors: Alec Feinberg
Comments: 21 Pages.

In this paper, we provide nominal and worst-case estimates of radiative forcing due to the UHI effect using a Weighted Amplification Albedo Solar Urbanization (WAASU) model. This calculation is done with the help of reported findings from UHI footprint and heat dome studies that simplify estimates for UHI amplification factors. Using this method, we quantify a global warming range due to the UHI effect, including its extent. Forcing estimates varied approximately between 0.07W/m2 to 0.87W/m2 representing 3% to 36% of global warming (GW) relative to the greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing estimates between 1950 and 2019. Variations in our model are due to the urbanized area and associated UHI amplification estimate uncertainties. However, the model showed consistent values of about 0.16 W/m2/% solar effective amplified areas and 1.6 W/m2/%albedo for the urbanized coverage forcing values. The basic model is additionally used to quantify feedback warming due to Arctic sea ice loss. Feedback estimates contribute to the impact of UHI forcing assessments. From our median estimates, it is concluded that UHIs contribute significantly to global warming trends. The model is versatile and also provides UHI albedo reverse forcing assessments. Results provide insight into the UHI area effects from a new perspective using a global view albedo model compared to prior ground-based measurement studies. It also illustrates the utility of using effective UHI amplification estimates when assessing their warming effect on a global scale.
Category: Climate Research

[1] viXra:2003.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2020-03-04 04:37:00

Political Initiatives of Scientists: Göttingen Seven, Einstein–Szilard Letter, Franck Report, Göttingen Manifesto, March for Science, Scientists for Future

Authors: Rainer W. Kühne
Comments: 87 Pages.

Scientists do not always live in their ivory tower. In 1837 the Göttingen Seven protested against the abolition or alteration of the constitution of the Kingdom of Hanover. In 1939 the Einstein–Szilard letter suggested that the United States should start its own nuclear program. In 1945 the Franck Report recommended that the United States not use the atomic bomb as a weapon. In 1957 the Göttingen Manifesto protested against arming the West German army with nuclear weapons. In 2017 the March for Science protested in more than 600 cities worldwide against climate change denial. In 2019 Scientists for Future supported the climate activists Fridays for Future. Here I present full lists of the names of the signatories.
Category: Climate Research