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[2] viXra:2508.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-14 14:12:40
Authors: Rie Takahashi
Comments: 10 Pages.
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the limitations of conventional treatments underscore the urgent need for more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have emerged as highly versatile platforms for cancer therapy, offering tunable physicochemical properties, improved pharmacokinetics, and the potential for site-specific drug delivery. Recent advances in polymer chemistry and nanofabrication have enabled precise control over particle size, surface chemistry, and drug release profiles, facilitating passive and active tumor targeting, as well as responsiveness to tumor-specific stimuli. This review critically examines the design and functionalization of PNPs, their applications across chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and combination treatments, and the incorporation of multifunctional and theranostic capabilities. We also discuss the translational challenges—such as manufacturing scalability, tumor heterogeneity, and safety concerns—and explore emerging trends including biomimetic nanocarriers, AI-driven formulation optimization, and personalized nanomedicine approaches. By integrating recent findings from, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future opportunities for PNPs as next-generation cancer therapeutics.
Category: Chemistry
[1] viXra:2508.0075 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-11 20:25:13
Authors: Volodymyr Kaplunenko, Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 20 Pages.
A recently discovered revolutionary method of diamond synthesis [9], which does not require extreme pressure and temperature, challenges the generally accepted concept of diamond formation and forces it to be revised. A new mechanism of rapid diamond crystal growth is proposed, which can explain this phenomenon. In the new mechanism of diamond synthesis, the main active factor is electrons. We called it the "electronic mechanism of diamond crystallogenesis". The electronic mechanism of diamond synthesis shows that high pressure and temperature are not direct acting factors, they are a trigger that starts the real (electronic) mechanism of diamond synthesis. The electronic mechanism of diamond formation is masked by pressure and temperature and is not manifested explicitly. This has created the illusion that pressure and temperature are the acting factors of diamond formation. The electronic mechanism of diamond crystallogenesis is based on a catalytic process in which catalysis is realized by electrons. Electrons change the oxidation state of carbon, which "switches on" the Coulomb interaction and leads to the launch of the diamond synthesis reaction. Instead of the well-known formulation: "Diamonds are formed from carbon", a new formulation of diamond formation is given: "Diamonds are formed from atomic carbon in the lowest oxidation state C^(-4)". Based on the mechanism of diamond crystallogenesis, the law of diamond crystallogenesis was derived. The basis for new technologies of ultra-fast diamond synthesis are discoveries in the field of catalysis, which fall under the concept of "catalyst-free catalysis". These are Electric-Field Catalysis, the concept of "electron as a catalyst" and overcoming the Sabatier prohibition. These three discoveries in the field of catalysis lead to new technologies of diamond synthesis, capable of greatly accelerating the process of diamond crystal growth. The processes of diamond formation and crystal growth, which in nature last for millions of years, can be implemented in laboratory conditions in a few hours.
Category: Chemistry
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