Biochemistry

2604 Submissions

[2] viXra:2604.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2026-04-11 21:46:53

Turnover and Catalytic Cycle Frequency Determination based on Molar Mass-dependent Model Equations

Authors: Ikechukwu Iloh Udema
Comments: 23 Pages. [New version of] ChemRxiv via 10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-0sjpl

There were conflicting definitions and misrepresentations of turnover frequency (TOF), catalytic cycle frequency (CCF), and catalytic first-order rate constant (k_cat) in the literature. Based on the Benfield and Lineweaver-Burk methods, data were generated. The results indicated that the CCFs for the forward (~ 0.0025-1.58 exp. (+17)/s) and reverse (~ 0.0003-5.4 exp. (+18)/s) directions showed an increasing trend with higher concentrations of the enzyme; this was applicable to the TOF. The number of fragments per molecule of an enzyme in the forward direction was 0.19-1.23 exp. (+5). In conclusion, TOF and CCF are different parameters, and the former in particular was not the same as k_cat, while the latter was a constant; TOF and CCF vary. Strictly speaking, TOF was equal to f(M_3). Besides, CCF per molecule (> 1) of the enzyme is greater than TOF (< 1). This can be verified using sucrase in a future study; a larger data set is needed if starch is a substrate in order to reevaluate the models and address statistical concerns. PACS: 87.15.RJ; 87.14.ejKeywords: Aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase; Catalytic cycle frequency; First-order catalytic rate constant; Gelatinized insoluble potato starch; Turnover number; Turnover number frequency.
Category: Biochemistry

[1] viXra:2604.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2026-04-06 20:50:27

Temporal Dislocation and Theoretical Reconstruction in the History of Science: A Unified Interpretation from Ion Channels to DNA Replication

Authors: Sun Zuodong
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)

Many major breakthroughs in modern life sciences display a prominent feature of phenomenon observation preceding structural analysis in the historical timeline. To fill cognitive gaps, classical theoretical systems often rely on auxiliary hypotheses to maintain logical consistency, which inadvertently increases theoretical complexity and violates the principle of simplicity pursued by science. This paper systematically reviews the complete course from the cognition of neuron structure, the discovery of cellular bioelectric phenomena, and the proposal of the sodium-potassium pump hypothesis to the structural elucidation of ion channels and the DNA double helix, clearly identifying the inherent theoretical contradictions caused by the lag in observation timing. On this basis, returning to the fundamental laws of biophysics, this paper proposes the ion channel windmill model for explaining action potentials and the DNA tetramer whole-chain transmission model for interpreting genetic information transfer. The new model system abandons redundant hypotheses, features a more concise logical chain, and puts forward several key experimentally testable predictions, providing a more internally consistent unified theoretical framework for neuroscience and molecular biology.
Category: Biochemistry