Biochemistry

2511 Submissions

[3] viXra:2511.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-29 02:14:59

The Glycolysis-Lactate-Histone Lactylation Axis in Polystyrene Microplastic-Induced Cognitive Impairment: A Proposed Mechanistic Framework

Authors: Haodong Xiang
Comments: 13 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants repeatedly shown to impair cognitive function in mouse models. Existing litera ture converges on oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neuroin f lammation as central mechanisms, yet the precise molecular pathways linking these phenomena to hippocampal dysfunction remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current evidence to evaluate the hypothesis that PS-MP exposure triggers a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis, enhancing lactate production. This lactate, in turn, may mediate neuroinflammation and impair synaptic plasticity through epigenetic reprogramming via histone lactylation (e.g., H3K18la). We construct a mechanistic model based on this hypothesis, inte grating findings on microglial activation, astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling, and innate immune signaling. While the glycolysis-lactate-histone lactylation axis presents a biologically plausible mechanism for PS-MP neurotoxicity, we iden tify critical evidence gaps, primarily the lack of direct measurements of lactate, glycolytic flux, and histone lactylation in the brain following PS-MP exposure. Finally, we propose key regulatory proteins—including LDHA, MCTs, p300, and HIF-1α—as high-priority targets for future research to validate this emerging metabolic-epigenetic pathway.
Category: Biochemistry

[2] viXra:2511.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-24 22:43:39

Speculation on DNA Origami Windmill Model Based on Franklin Figure 51

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 7 Pages.

Franklin's Photo 51, revealing the periodic diffraction characteristics of DNA, provided key structural evidence for the traditional double helix model. However, the "periodic intensity variation", "symmetrical distribution law" contained in it, and the contradiction between the static map and dynamic physiological functions have not been fully interpreted. Based on this map, this paper proposes an original conjecture of the DNA "origami windmill" model, derived only from the diffraction characteristics of Franklin's Photo 51 and existing literature without supporting experimental data: DNA tetramer forms an inverted conical channel (i.e., inverted trapezoid) surrounded by four fan-shaped leaves, with the outer size larger than the inner size and a central through-hole, which is completely homologous to the inverted conical structural characteristics of potassium channels; the axis core of the DNA windmill is presumably anchored on the fibrous protein scaffold of the nuclear matrix (non-suspended state), consistent with the anchoring logic of the potassium channel windmill protein; cations (potassium ions, sodium ions, calcium ions, etc.) may drive the fan leaves to rotate through thrust when passing through the central hole along the concentration gradient, realizing dynamic movement without the participation of enzymes, which is consistent with the dynamic mechanism of potassium channels; two sets of connected double strands exhibit radial symmetry (extending along the radius direction of the axis core) and are mutually mirror-symmetrical (forming a mirror structure after folding around the axis core), and the dual symmetry characteristics are accurately matched with the cross and signal symmetry laws of the map; during replication, the two sets of connected double strands may separate naturally, and each uses the complete strand as a template to complementarily synthesize new strands, which not only conforms to the core mechanism of semi-conservative replication but also simplifies the process and ensures the integrity of genetic information. This conjecture aims to throw out a brick to attract jade through the dynamic interpretation of the static map, break through the limitations of the traditional double helix model, and provide a new research perspective for explaining DNA dynamic behavior and intranuclear material transport mechanism.
Category: Biochemistry

[1] viXra:2511.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-21 00:26:04

Construction and Biological Significance of Four Stranded DNA Inverted Cone Windmill Model

Authors: Zuodong Sun
Comments: 5 Pages.

Inspired by the structure of the potassium channel "origami windmill" model, and combining the multi-strand folding characteristics of DNA molecules, ion regulation mechanisms, and genetic information transmission rules, a four-strand DNA inverted cone windmill model is proposed, breaking through the linear structural limitations of the traditional double helix model.The model utilizes a four-stranded DNA core scaffold, forming a windmill-like radial spatial conformation through a "double ladder inverted" mechanism. The strands are stabilized by hydrogen bonding, base stacking, and ionic regulation, while relying on the "single ladder inheritance"mechanism to achieve precise transmission of genetic information.This article elaborates on the construction lineage, structural characteristics, genetic mechanism, and potential biological significance of the model, providing a new perspective for the study of DNA multi-strand structure and genetic regulation.
Category: Biochemistry