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| viXra.org > Biochemistry > 2005 |
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[7] viXra:2005.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-31 22:44:47
Authors: Mingchun Xiao
Comments: Pages.
The COVID-19 coronavirus, which originated in 2019, caused a global pandemic in 2020. In the course of combating COVID-19, herbal drugs have achieved certain effects. My research found that the pharmacological mechanism of botanical drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 is that the alkaloids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides contained in plants have a broad-spectrum antiviral and broad-spectrum antifungal effect. A combination of multiple herbal drugs can kill the invading body COVID-19 and suppress its own immune over-reaction or inhibit the infiltration of leukocyte inflammation, quell the war between the two sides, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment.
Category: Biochemistry
[6] viXra:2005.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-24 21:21:03
Authors: H. Singh Dhaliwal
Comments: 8 Pages.
Examined in this document are solutions that may be lesser known or unknown in terms of its relevance to COVID-19. High level research skills were used with an inventive approach to find scholarly works related to a possible treatment idea. Please click or CTRL-CLICK to view each link.
Category: Biochemistry
[5] viXra:2005.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-22 00:33:33
Authors: Kareem Hamdy EL-Torky, Kerlos Samuel Gawargy, Taha Ottief Mohammed, Youssef Aymen Saad, Youssef Mohamed Abdelaal
Comments: 18 Pages. topic of research is pollution specifically air pollution
Pollution is a significant problem that Egypt faces and air pollution is its most dangerous
type of pollution. Gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides increased concentration
affects health which is mostly produced by combustion reactions in car fumes or factories. Also,
it causes diseases like asthma, Alzheimer's, even cancer and also affect the economy by affecting
crops growth and decreasing it. The negative effect of air pollution on plants can be used as a
bioindicator of pollutants concentration by noticing the growth of pollution-sensitive plants as
lichens in polluted areas; the more its growth is affected, the more the pollutants are
concentrated. One of the most dangerous pollutants is nitrogen oxides; most of the pollutant's
concentration comes from traffic emissions. Nitrogen oxides can cause severe health issues as
irritation of the respiratory tract, and it can reduce immunity to lung infections. Also, carbon
monoxide is a hazardous pollutant that may cause loss of balance, vision problems, memory
problems, loss of consciousness and eventually, death. The increased concentration of pollutants
and greenhouse gases like chlorofluorocarbon and nitrogen oxides damages the ozone layer
critically. It threatens human health as the ozone layer is the earth's shield against harmful rays
coming from space as ultraviolet rays, for example, exposure to UV rays causes skin cancer
premature ageing and other skin damage eye damage and Immune system weakness. Polluting
gases are mostly produced by combustion reactions providing both heat and additional residue in
the form of pollution as mentioned earlier, thermodynamics rules these reactions and expresses
them. The first and second laws of thermodynamics discuss these reactions and help us get a
better view of the problem which can help scientist find better and more efficient solutions in the
future by understanding the roots of the problem.
Category: Biochemistry
[4] viXra:2005.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-21 20:12:29
Authors: Richard M. Blaber
Comments: 14 Pages.
Attempts to detect electromagnetic signals from extraterrestrial intelligences have hitherto proved fruitless, and no plausible solution has been provided for the ‘Fermi Paradox’ that does not entail the non-existence of radio broadcasting and interstellar travelling exoplanetary civilisations. Yet life itself, and even intelligent life, of a non-technological kind, may be abundant.
Category: Biochemistry
[3] viXra:2005.0202 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-20 05:32:52
Authors: Murat Seyran
Comments: 388 Pages. I am a doctoral candidate at the University of Vienna but I done this without the support of the affiliated institute.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh and the unique
human CoV with pandemic potential. The host tropism and infection pattern of SARS-CoV-2 have
3 fundamental differences compared to the previous six human pathogenic CoVs, i.e. HCoV-229E,
HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and MERS-CoV. N-terminal domain
(NTD) of CoVs Spike (S) Protein contains a specific glycan-binding region as the first contact area
with the new host. Specific glycan-binding immune receptors e.g. C-type lectins recognize NTD of
S Protein of CoV and exterminate the virus before its adaptation. According to Canyon Hypothesis
CoVs sunk this glycan-binding domain beneath the surface of S Protein to evade host immune
system e.g. MERS-CoV glycan-binding domain 280 Å2 under its S Protein surface or HCoV-229E
deleted its glycan-binding NTD during its host tropism. Strikingly, SARS-CoV-2 does not have a
single amino acid (aa.) alteration or deletion on its glycan-binding region NTD of its S Protein
compares to its parent virus BatCoV RaTG13. The flat and unsunken surface of SARS-CoV-2 NTD
S Protein conflicting with the general adaptation and survival pattern of all CoVs. Secondly, based
on the template-switching model, CoVs pause their replication on certain domains and have
recombinations on these specific sites. SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13 are both betacoronavirus
lineage B and their genomes are almost identical except 4 aa. inserts between the S1/S2 enables the
virus to cleavage by host cell furin protease. However, other betacoronavirus lineage B members
and the clinical strains of SARS-CoV-2 do not have any alterations on S Protein S1/S2 suggesting
SARS-CoV-2 obtained this trait with a one-time unique event. Thirdly, after host adaptation CoVs
improve their host cell interaction with certain aa. substitutions on their receptor binding domain
(RBD) that considered as positive selection site. SARS-CoV-2 had 22 aa. substitutions on S Protein
RBD compare to BatCoV RaTG13. However, despite millions of SARS-CoV-2 infections, RBD has
not indicated a single high-frequency aa. substitution suggesting the too-perfect angiotensinconverting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding that was gained with a one-time alteration. Unlike the RBDs
of other CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 RBD is not a positive selection site. In summary, i) flat and unaltered NTD, ii) conserved RBD, and iii) unique S1/S2 insert of S Protein of SARS-CoV-2 suggesting its
engineered nature. Engineering of CoVs is not a speculation since 18 research projects to develop
genetically modify CoVs as pandemic potential pathogens paused by United States Government
Moratorium in 2014.
Category: Biochemistry
[2] viXra:2005.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-03 10:19:57
Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages.
According to the biostellar evolution principle, as a star evolves life forms and evolves on it. This means all major organic chemical processes occur inside and on the star as it evolves, thus the vast majority of organic functional groups in the universe are formed inside stars as they evolve. Stars directly form life and all organic compounds, molecules and material as they evolve as is predicted by the general theory of stellar metamorphosis.
Category: Biochemistry
[1] viXra:2005.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-02 15:57:03
Authors: S. Thangminlal Vaiphei
Comments: 5 Pages.
In the recent outbreak of the COVID-19, the use of rapid diagnostics have escalated drawing a large number of companies and manufacturers to come up with new testing kits. The merits and demerits of these rapid diagnostics must be carefully evaluated with proper validation and understanding prior to its use to help prevent misguidance. Research into improvement of these existing diagnostics towards disease surveillance and epidemiology should be highly encouraged.
Category: Biochemistry
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