Algebra

1210 Submissions

[4] viXra:1210.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-25 16:03:56

Geometric Algebra of Quarks

Authors: Martin Erik Horn
Comments: 14 Pages. Poster presentation at AGACSE 2012 in La Rochelle

Quarks are described mathematically by (3 x 3) matrices. To include these quarkonian mathematical structures into Geometric algebra it is helpful to restate Geometric algebra in the mathematical language of (3 x 3) matrices. It will be shown in this paper how (3 x 3) permutation matrices can be interpreted as unit vectors. And as S3 permutation symmetry is flavour symmetry a unified flavour picture of Geometric algebra will emerge.
Category: Algebra

[3] viXra:1210.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-17 11:01:47

Special Quasi Dual Numbers and Groupoids

Authors: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 193 Pages.

A new notion of special quasi dual numbers is introduced. If a+bg is the special quasi dual number with a, b reals, g the new element is such that g^2 = - g. The rich source of getting new elements of the form g^2 = - g is from Z_n, the ring of modulo integers. For the first time we construct non associative structures using them. We have proposed some research problems.
Category: Algebra

[2] viXra:1210.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-17 11:06:59

Special Dual Like Numbers and Lattices, by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Authors: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 246 Pages.

In this book we define x = a+bg to be a special dual like number, where a, b are reals and g is a new element such that g^2 = g. The new element which is idempotent can be got from Z_n or from lattices or from linear operators. Mixed dual numbers are constructed using dual numbers and special dual like numbers. Neutrosophic numbers are a natural source of special dual like numbers, since they have the form a+bI, where I = indeterminate and I^2 = I.
Category: Algebra

[1] viXra:1210.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2012-10-17 11:08:46

Semigroups as Graphs, by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache

Authors: W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 153 Pages.

The zero divisor graph of semigroups of finite modulo integers n under product is studied and characterized. If n is a non-prime, the zero divisor graph is not a tree. We introduce the new notion of tree covering a pseudo lattice. When n is an even integer of the form 2p, p a prime, then the modulo integer zero divisor graph is a tree-covering pseudo lattice.
Category: Algebra