Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911, its microscopic mechanism has remained a central challenge in condensed matter physics. The classical BCS theory, which uses lattice phonons as mediators to establish a Cooper pair model of two electrons, can explain the basic properties of low-temperature metallic superconductivity but faces several inherent limitations: phonon coupling is only a short-range interaction, unable to resolve the cross-scale contradiction of long-range synchronous coupling among a large number of electrons, and struggles to counteract the Coulomb repulsion between electrons. This theory fails to explain experimental phenomena such as pre-paired pseudogaps and non-monotonic changes in critical temperature under magnetic fields, while also being incompatible with novel systems like high-temperature and two-dimensional flat-band superconductivity.This paper cites the 8-shaped electromagnetic standing wave + intrinsic drift electron structure model [1], proposing the electron magnetic chain microscopic conductive structure: under an external field, the intrinsic drift within electrons is suppressed, causing their inherent 8-shaped magnetic moment and magnetic coupling effects to manifest. Through the continuous chain-like connection enabled by the 8-shaped magnetic moment attraction, without fixed limitations on the number of paired electrons, a long-range ordered arrangement forms conductive pathways. This model can uniformly cover conventional and high-temperature superconducting phenomena, systematically resolving all existing internal contradictions in BCS theory, and provides a quantifiable theoretical basis for the structural design of new high-temperature and even room-temperature superconducting materials.