Relativity and Cosmology

1912 Submissions

[51] viXra:1912.0541 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-31 14:53:59

The “ladder Paradox” Decision.

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 5 Pages.

The “ladder paradox”, a decision, for the first time in 110 years. In the represented earlier by me Poincare’s theory of relativity, I said, what the converselength contraction are virtual (unrealistic) and are a consequence of the “virtual time” introduced by Poincare, which I called “local Poincare time.” Now we consider this in more detail, using the so-called "Ladder paradox" as an example
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[50] viXra:1912.0535 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-31 16:55:36

Determination of Unidirectional Speed of Light in an Inertial System.

Authors: Szostek Karol
Comments: 6 Pages.

In the article, was derived formulas for unidirectional speed of light in vacuum and material medium. Unidirectional speed of light is one of the important elements that distinguishes special theory of relativity from ether theory. The calculations are based on space-time transformation of ether theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[49] viXra:1912.0534 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-31 16:58:38

Wyznaczenie Jednokierunkowej Prędkość światła W Układzie Inercjalnym

Authors: Szostek Karol
Comments: 6 Pages. in Polish language

W artykule zostały wyprowadzone zależności na jednokierunkową prędkość światła w próżni oraz ośrodku materialnym. Jednokierunkowa prędkość światła jest jednym z istotnych elementem, który rozróżnia szczególną teorię względności od teorii eteru. Przedstawione obliczenia oparte są na transformacji czasoprzestrzennej teorii eteru.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[48] viXra:1912.0493 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-28 11:45:25

Why Einstein was an Ignorant Fool

Authors: James Carter
Comments: 15 Pages. An alternative to special and general relativity theories

Being ignorant of most of today’s modern experimental measurements, Einstein largely ignored experimental physics when he foolishly imagined his arbitrary unmeasured relativity theories to be true. He then went on to fool generations of theoretical physicists into believing in impossible things like infinite gravitational fields, massless photons, equivalent force and motion, non-local gravity, and the many metaphysical assumptions of the Big Bang creation myth. Einstein’s interpretations and definitions of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity and their relationships of Momentum, Force, and Energy were often upside down, backwards, and inside out from their physical parameters.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[47] viXra:1912.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-28 02:20:37

Energy Release Mechanism of White Hole and Accurate Calculation of Solar System Orbit

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 36 Pages. 7 Figure; 1 table. Including Russian abstract and Chinese Version. The file is about 1MB.

The white hole hypothesis can explain various problems faced by spiral galaxies more than the black hole hypothesis. At present, the main problems still focus on the theoretical model of white holes. White hole solutions can also be obtained from general relativity. However, negative time must be used, and this article demonstrates very briefly that time inversion does not exist through the example of returning to youth age. This problem can be solved very well using virtual space-time physics. Under the framework of virtual space-time physics, a white hole model can be constructed without time inversion. In this paper, a white hole model is used for numerical calculations to obtain the trajectory of the solar system from the center of the Milky Way to the periphery of the Milky Way. Comparing the calculation results with the actual patterns of the Milky Way, it can be seen that the calculation results coincide well with the actual patterns. The calculation results show that the solar system orbit is an expanding elliptical spiral orbit. There is a clear demarcation point between the orbits in the center of the Milky Way and the orbits around the galaxy. This may be the reason for the bulge structure in the center of the Milky Way. The solar system has been in the center of the Milky Way for about 2.8 billion years. So far, the solar system has been running for about 1.8 billion years outside the center of the Milky Way, and about 600 to 700 million years have been far from the center of the Milky Way. This is basically consistent with the evolution of life on Earth.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[46] viXra:1912.0471 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-27 08:44:22

New Interpretation of the Schwarzschild Radius

Authors: Zane Andrea Quintili
Comments: 3 Pages.

The Schwarzschild radius describes the radius of the event horizon within which no object can exit and which sees a singularity at its center. The mathematical expression of this ray without resorting to the complex mathematical formalism of general relativity can be summarized as follows by simply using the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy of the body in question. 1/2 mc^2=G mM/d Rs=(2G M)/c^2 At this point, however, nothing in the mathematical expression tells us if that "2" is linked to Newton's mass or gravitational constant so that we can also freely interpret "2" as twice the mass, or two masses. This new interpretation completely reverses the information we have for the Schwarzschild radius which, using Planck's units, will become: Rs=(G 2Mp)/c^2 =2Lp
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[45] viXra:1912.0464 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-27 15:37:23

Speed of Light in FG5 Gravimeter

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 5 Pages. Note that the author does not read Disqus comments here, please respond by email. Including a list of publications is also a healthy gesture.

The absolute gravimeter measures the gravitational constant by dropping a corner cube retro-reflector in a vacuum. The light reflected by the corner cube interferes with another light from the same emission. The interference pattern can not be explained by the theory if the speed of light remains constant upon reflection. Two research teams were obliged to propose new definition of acceleration to match their test data. Neither team understands that the speed of light actually changes upon reflection by a moving mirror. The definition of acceleration should remain intact. The speed of reflected light should increase to match the observed fringe pattern from the gravimeter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[44] viXra:1912.0459 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-26 03:57:49

Relativists Were Ridiculed in Germany 27 Years (1905 1931), in America 50 (?) Years and Persecuted 14 Years (1932 1945). Glorification of Relativists 102 Years (1918 2019). Why?

Authors: Lubomir Vlcek
Comments: 9 Pages. The theory of relativity is a mathematical and not a physical theory.

Begins of glorification [1]: 12 In 1919 it had carried an article [13 autor Alexander Moszkowski (1851-1934), 15 editor-in-chief was Arnold Berliner (1862-1942)] announcing the results of the British solar eclipse expedition that rose to laudatory hyperbole, not shying away from declaring that “a highest truth, beyond Galileo and Newton, beyond Kant” had been unveiled by “an oracular saying from the depth of the skies.” 16 on December 14, 1919, the front page of the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung [17 This newspaper had been founded by Leopold Ullstein (1826-1899)] carried a large close-up portrait of Einstein whose caption read: “A new eminence in the history of the world: Albert Einstein, whose researches signify a complete revolution of our understanding of Nature and whose insights equal in importance those of a Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton.” 2 The huge public acclaim that was accorded Einstein. It also vexed conservative academics (e.g. the Nobel Laureate Philipp Lenard have felt that the theoretical physicist Einstein had captured too much of the limelight, while other, experimental physicists were not appreciated enough.) For nearly 100 years ago have been Nobel Prize winners said: "- The theory of relativity is a mathematical and not a physical theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[43] viXra:1912.0453 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-25 14:00:12

Speed of Light C=0, so "Proven" by Special Relativity, Indisputably!

Authors: Cameron Wong
Comments: 6 Pages. Special relativity rejects its own 2nd postulate.

The key for the “successful” derivation of the special relativity lies on convincing people to believe the following two spherical equations representing only one sphere that is created by light propagation: x^2 + y^2 + z^2=(ct)^2, and x’^2 + y’^2 + z'^2=(ct’)^2. The reason that the readers have so easily believed such convincing for more than a century is because of the acceptance of the second postulate. Unfortunately, verification using relativity’s own rule regarding the relationship between length , time and speed must fail the second postulate. The 2nd postulate gone, relativity loses must end up self-refuted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[42] viXra:1912.0451 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-24 01:25:08

Solving the Cosmological Constant Problem

Authors: Stephen H. Jarvis
Comments: 31 Pages.

In following on from the preceding papers [1-13], this paper presents the case for the disparity between vacuum energy [14] and the associated metric expansion of space energy requirements. A solution is provided to this problem while correctly deriving the value for the Lamb shift radiation as evidence for vacuum energy marrying up correctly with a newly proposed large scale cosmological model, such in the context of a revised understanding of the redshift effect and associated scaling system for the Planck constant [13]. The process of proof presented here is by taking a close look at the theory behind the metric expansion of space, those calculations, and any of those associated assumptions of theory and modelling of time and space in those calculations and observations that could lead to the cosmological constant problem, and thus determine in fact why the value for the proposed energy of space needs to be so disproportionate compared to the known vacuum energy value. Above all, this paper shall present proof for vacuum energy in a steady-state reality, such by using the fundamental basis of the phi-quantum wave-function scaling system in deriving the temperature value of the CMBR and Boltzmann constant, and finally proof for the precession of the perihelion of Mercury which is demonstrated to be directed related to the vacuum energy of space and CMBR.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[41] viXra:1912.0445 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-09 16:27:59

The Mystery of Planck-Extended Version

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 2 Pages.

Mysterious numerical coincidences to be explained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[40] viXra:1912.0440 [pdf] replaced on 2020-03-29 07:31:36

Wyprowadzenie Licznych Dynamik Szczególnej Teorii Względności Dla Trzech Wymiarów Przestrzennych (In Polish)

Authors: Roman Szostek
Comments: 10 Pages. There are many dynamics in STR, and not one, it is believed (in Polish).

W artykule przedstawiono wyprowadzenie licznych dynamik dla kinematyki Szczególnej Teorii Względności dla trzech wymiarów przestrzennych. Jest to kontynuacja artykułu, w którym wyprowadzone zostały liczne dynamiki STW dla jednego wymiaru. Pokazane zostało, że z każdej dynamiki jednowymiarowej jednoznacznie wynika dynamika trójwymiarowa. Przedstawiona została dyskusja na temat paradoksu dźwigni kątowej oraz paradoksu nierównoległości wektorów. Wyjaśnienie paradoksów w ramach różnych dynamik może być metodą ich teoretycznego badania oraz oceny.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[39] viXra:1912.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-23 14:17:30

The Laws Of Physics Inside A Black Hole Must Be Equivalent To Those Outside It

Authors: Cavași Ioan Abel
Comments: 4 Pages.

We present the generalization of Einstein's principle of equivalence and highlight the consequences of this generalization regarding black holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[38] viXra:1912.0427 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-03 21:16:16

Experimental Interactions of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity

Authors: James Carter
Comments: 7 Pages. New Experimental Principles of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity

There is a great deal of confusion and contradiction in the standard model relativity theories of physics and the Big Bang. There is little consensus about the true experimental nature of Mass, Space, Time and Gravity and their mea- sured physical quantities of Momentum, Force, and Energy. Most theoretical physicists calculate and believe that mass, momentum, Force, and energy are stand along entities that can be physically separated from one another. Einstein’s primary theoretical mistake was his metaphysical assumption of massless photons containing single and separate quantities of energy and mo- mentum. Physical measurements of photons calculate them to be eternal units of a yin yang dichotomy of Energy/Mass = cC. Big Bang’s initial assumption of a singularity of pure energy (e = mc2) has never been reconciled with the measured Energy/Mass (E/M = CC) contained in the electrons, protons, photons, atoms, and stars in today’s cosmos. The conservation of momentum as calculated by the Lorentz transformation is the primary parameter of all physical measurements. Energy is the secondary parameter used in calculating a change in momentum. Einstein’s second theoretical mistake was his metaphysical assumption of the Equivalence Principle with its downward direction of accelerating gravitational motion and force. All measurements with clocks and accelerometers clearly show that measured upward deceleration of Earth’s gravitational momentum produces an upward gravitational force and a deceleration of time. The Force of gravity F = MS/T2 extends no further than the surface of each atom. Gravity is measured as changing momentum and then calculated as kinetic energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[37] viXra:1912.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-23 15:00:02

The Secret Lives of Quasars

Authors: James Carter
Comments: 6 Pages. A new explanation of quasars

Ever since they were first discovered, the true nature of quasars has long been one of the most difficult paradoxes in cosmology and astrophysics. There is nothing in the initial assumptions of the Big Bang and Relativity theories that would lead to the creation of quasars. Also, the principles of relativity theories and quantum mechanics offer no solutions to the gigantic energies that quasars are purported to produce. The experimental observations of over two thousand quasars lead to the inescapable conclusion that all of these peculiar stars reside within the Milky Way.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[36] viXra:1912.0398 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-15 06:26:04

How to Bind Matter to Matter: The Nature of Time

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 6 Pages. One reference added and typos corrected.

Three characteristics of the human mind are described, which cannot have material correlates. The question of how to bind mind to matter, posed in the initial paper from 15 January 1990, has been reexamined by scrutinizing the postulate of locality and the invariant speed of light in “vacuum”, after the Michelson-Morley experiment. It is shown that, in the so-called doctrine of trialism, the question of how to bind mind to matter depends on the underlying phenomenon of matter interacting with matter, by following the Heraclitean flow of Time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[35] viXra:1912.0395 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-29 17:32:46

This is the Spirit

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 1 Page.

In quantum mechanics, whenever a red board comes out, the other always comes out blue, which is the spirit. It still seems to be a mystery, but I wrote in my previous book (Thoughts Are Faster Than Light viXra: 1910.0131) to explain that we are living at the same time as another dimension . As a psychiatrist, I have been focusing on research on hallucinations. Hallucinations suggest that we are living at the same time as another dimension. The reason that two related colors always emit different colors (red and blue) is said to be tied, but it is unknowingly tied by human will. The two are tied together by the deep unconsciousness of a person. It is tied to the deep unconsciousness of people who are difficult to understand with current science. My previous work (Thoughts Are Faster Than Light ViXra: 1910.0131) was written to explain it. People live next to another dimension. The human brain is simply an organ that commands this movement, and it is common sense that we are thinking of a different dimension located behind the human occipital area (only I But you may think so.) The brain doesn't think. The upper dimension behind the brain is thinking.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[34] viXra:1912.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-21 10:41:19

Invariance of the Speed of Light and Time Dilation in the General Relativity Theory

Authors: Giacomo Roccaforte
Comments: 10 Pages. This version is in Italian

In this research is highlight a situation in which the fact that the speed of light is constant in all reference systems would imply that even the flow of the time should be the same in all reference systems , a conclusion that is exactly and paradoxically opposed to the Theory Of Relativity The first research about this matter has been published at http://vixra.org/abs/1911.0225 in a typical Special Theory's scenario. In this case, taking into consideration the so-called elevator experiment, used by Einstein for the development of the General RelativityTheory. In the same scenario and setting acceleration = 0, we refer back to Special Relativity Theory, taking into consideration what happens inside the elevator, which in this case for greater clarity becomes an airplane.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[33] viXra:1912.0378 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-20 14:21:41

Chemical Analysis Of Plain Distilled Water May Refute Mass-Energy Equivalence Of E=mc²

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 5 Pages.

Despite E= mc² being a foundational equation of modern physics, it has not been experimentally verified. Though four eminent physicists claimed ‘A direct test of E=mc²’ (Nature 2006) giving verification accurate to 1:10⁶, the experiment was not any verification of E=mc², but rather an alternative experiment to deduce the mass of the neutron. Instead of the usual Deuteron interaction, they used the nuclear interaction involving sulfur S-32 and silicon Si-28. The claim of accuracy of 1:10⁶ is about the comparison of the new value with the accepted value of the mass of the neutron. This paper shows that a chemical analysis (with a good analytical balance) of the mass composition of oxygen and hydrogen in plain distilled water may show that the law of conservation of mass is universally valid without the need for the hypothesis of mass-energy equivalence; this would also imply an unequivocal refutation of the equation E=mc². Such an experiment could easily be carried out by any laboratory in today’s universities. The experiment should be simple and straightforward, yet its outcome may have enormous consequences for the world of physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[32] viXra:1912.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-20 21:46:03

Is Black Hole the hole?

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 5 Pages.

Presented evidence, that Black Hole is hole. Namely right behind the black surface (event horizon for non-rotational BH) there are no space nor time. No spacetime. Just as it would be prior to the Big Bang. First composite image of Black Hole from Event Horizon Telescope is another evidence for that, with the resulting correction of the reported mass.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[31] viXra:1912.0359 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-19 03:14:38

On Deviation Equation

Authors: Dmitri Martila
Comments: 9 Pages.

Due to his solution of Energy Localization problem in General Relativity, the author finds out, that tidal forces of Black Hole can compress the falling astronaut instead of ripping him into parts. Moreover, found necessity of inclusion mathematical correction made "by hand" into first order Deviation equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[30] viXra:1912.0315 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-28 02:42:52

Comparison of the Solar System Orbit and the Evolutionary Process of the Earth's Biology

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 16 Pages.

Based on a model of a huge white hole in the Galactic Center, this article analyzes the orbit of the solar system in the Milky Way. It is pointed out that the motion of the solar system in the Milky Way can be divided into two parts. The first part lasts about three to four billion years. During this time, the solar system made elliptical movements in an elongated bar structure at the Galactic Center. A large number of galaxies perform elliptical motion around the Galactic Center, forming the elongated bar structure near the Galactic Center. When the solar system gradually moves away from the Galactic Center and reaches a certain distance, the solar system will be ejected from the elongated bar structure of the Galactic Center and enter the spiral orbit outside the Milky Way. Moving outside the Milky Way, the Solar System flies away from the Milky Way following a parabolic trajectory. For simplicity of calculation, this article uses a straight line instead of this parabola. Calculation shows that the solar system has been flying for at least 600 million years after flying far away from the elongated bar structure of the Galactic Center. Comparing these 600 million years with the evolutionary process of life on Earth, it can be found that this period is the time when a large number of higher organisms on the earth evolved. Including the emergence of fish, the concentrated evolution of dinosaurs, and the emergence of humans. This article points out that this is related to the fact that the entire Earth's environment is more suitable for the growth of higher organisms after the solar system flies from the elongated bar structure of the Galactic Center. Since the earth has obtained biological prosperity and the development of human civilization in this way, it is believed that galaxies similar to the solar system are ubiquitous in the Milky Way. Therefore, there will also be extraterrestrial civilizations similar to Earth civilization on the periphery of the Milky Way. This article analyzes some areas in the spiral structure of the Milky Way that require attention, and points out that the development of civilization in these areas may exceed the development of human civilization on Earth by more than millions of years. If we can obtain important information about these civilized societies, it will help us better grasp the destiny of human civilization on earth.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[29] viXra:1912.0314 [pdf] replaced on 2021-03-29 03:21:21

Quanton Based Model of Field Interactions

Authors: Ayman Kassem
Comments: 68 Pages.

the mechanism of the universe’s inflation is variation of energy in space and in time , the relationship between space and time varying energy fields is governed by energy constraining inside a quantum entity : the quanton as energy varies in space or in time, it creates associated fields and through their interactions, inflationary momentum and the fundamental forces are generated this model comes in three parts : energy constraining , where the evolution of the quanton and its different transitions are discussed the second part , electromagnetic waves in terms of space and time varying energy fields and role of Maxwell equations in the evolution of the quanton the third part , energy fields and their interactions , while using basic physics concepts , this model shows that the origin many of the physical phenomena can be traced back to the quanton based world
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[28] viXra:1912.0299 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-29 09:20:54

Fractional Calculus, Irreversible Time, and Hubble's Law

Authors: Yuli Vladimirsky
Comments: 13 Pages.

In this essay we suggest that description of processes in classical physics based on differential calculus of integer order is an approximation. We propose use of fractional calculus with orders very close to integers to replace classical equations. We define time axiomatically in terms of set theory: time is partially ordered, can be continuous or discrete, homogeneous, and, generally, nonuniform. Use of fractional calculus predicts irreversible time, temporal indefinitism, and evolution of the Universe, as described by the Hubble's Law of expansion. Dimensionless Hubble and Cosmological constants are numerically equated to first and second fractional derivatives deviations from corresponding integers. The deviations are extremely small and their ratio corresponds to the Universe expansion deceleration parameter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[27] viXra:1912.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-15 14:20:02

Living Cosmos: An Alternative to the Big Bang Theory

Authors: James Carter
Comments: 16 Pages. A new version of Big Bang theory without the metaphysical assumptions.

Abstract The Living Cosmos is an alternative explanation to the Big Bang theories of cosmic creation and evolution. It differs from the Big Bang on two major points. First, the Big Bang began suddenly with a singularity containing an undetermined amount of “pure energy” that was not conserved as it spread out into the universe and eventually transformed into atoms and photons. The evolution of the Living Cosmos begins with a single, matter/antimatter duality containing equal and inseparable quantities of Energy and Mass E/M = CC that remain independently conserved throughout the entire evolutionary process. Second, Big Bang theories all begin with the often unstated metaphysical assumption that the electron/proton mass ratio of e/p = 1/1836 is a universal and eternal constant that has not changed since the beginning of time. The Living Cosmos creation process begins with an electron/proton mass ratio of e/p = 1.0/1.0 that has slowly evolved throughout cosmological time to its present value of e/p = 1/1836. This new cosmic model uses Big Bang’s astronomical observations and measurements to illustrate a cosmic reproduction process producing equal quantities of atomic matter and antimatter. Instead of a nearly instant inflation followed by slow gravitational collapse, the Living Cosmos was formed through evolutionary reproduction and separation processes lasting billions of years. The galaxies, stars and atoms reached their present structures and locations through first weak nuclear, then strong nuclear, and finally electromagnetic interactions. Gravity played only a minor role in this organizational process. Contrary to Big Bang models, this new cosmic model strictly adheres to the principles of the scientific method of experimental measurement as they apply to quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and the laws of gravitational force and motion,. The Living Cosmos examines the basic values and events in cosmological history from perspectives that are sometimes upside down, backwards, and inside out from standard Big Bang ideas. In this non-linear synchronous creation, antineutrons reproduced first, then atoms formed as they emitted photons. Galaxies formed before stars and then stars were created before protons, electrons, and photons. The conclusions reached from the slowly evolving electron/proton mass ratio provide new explanations for matter/antimatter equality, Hubble red shifts, Dark Energy, the homogeneous 2.7 K temperature of the cosmic blackbody radiation, the enormous energy of cosmic rays, the constant energy output of the sun, plate tectonics, and even the very large size of dinosaur bones.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[26] viXra:1912.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-15 18:15:00

A New Theory of Cosmology Without the Curving Spacetime of the Equivalence Principle

Authors: James Carter
Comments: 15 Pages. Definitive disproof that starlight is deflected by the sun.

The above photo of the Andromeda Galaxy is definitive proof there is absolutely no change in the momentum vectors of any photons when they pass through the extended gravitational fields of stars. If each photon in this picture was not lined up perfectly in Euclidian space and time with its emitting star, the photo would appear as a quite dim homogenous grey cloud. Any photons moving through a non-Euclidian curving gravitational spacetime would completely blur astronomical observations beyond recognition. There can be no gravitational deflection of any photon’s path through empty space without the ultimate destruction of astronomy. All photons, from gamma rays to radio waves, would be jumbled together and coming to us on trajectories far removed from their original emission vectors. Actual physical measurements of the solar deflection of photons show the effect to be an optical illusion without any change in a photon’s actual path through Euclidian space. The apparent angle of curvature is measured as changes in the gravitational momentum of Earth and not by any gravitational effect of the sun. These measurements show conclusively that the downward pointing gravity of Einstein’s equivalent principle is false and verify that Earth falls up.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[25] viXra:1912.0276 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-29 01:33:46

Could the Universe be a Gravitational Field?

Authors: Donghui Wang
Comments: 11 Pages.

Scientists have explained the phenomenon of redshift in the universe by using the viewpoint of cosmic expansion, while the phenomenon of blueshift has perplexed academic circles for a long time. To solve this problem, the author conducted a thought experiment. The focus of the experiment was to let an elevator box at high altitude fall along a track and then compare the results observed by a person inside the box with the phenomena of redshift and blueshift observed by people on Earth. The results show that redshift and blueshift in the universe can be simulated above the Earth, indicating that cosmic space may have the features of a gravitational field. Thus, the author assumed that cosmic space is a gravitational field, analysed the movement pattern of celestial bodies in this context, and gave reasonable explanations for Earth’s rotation deceleration, Venus’s abnormal auto-rotation and global warming. Based on further association, the author argues that the continuous increase in the Ground’s gravity may be the cause for the largest animal on the Earth becoming progressively lighter, and this derivation can be verified by correlated detection.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[24] viXra:1912.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-14 05:23:10

A Simple Thought Experiment Saying No to Length Contraction and thus to the Theory of Relativity

Authors: Laszlo G Meszaros
Comments: 5 Pages. Opinions are welcome

In a thought experiment, in which transit-times of light signal propagation over given distances are measured, it is demonstrated that the length of an object in motion is independent of the object's (relative) velocity and, consequently, equals its resting length, i.e. its 'proper' length. Thereby, after discussing Einstein's two (essentially different) light speed postulates, the scientific merit of the Special Theory of Relativity (as well as that of the Lorentz transformations) is questioned.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[23] viXra:1912.0264 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-14 09:47:12

The Galactic Center may be a White Hole

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 8 Pages. 3 Figure; 1 Table

It has long been assumed that the Galactic Center is a huge black hole. However, from some existing data, if the Galactic Center is a black hole, the surrounding mass will move around the Galactic Center. This will cause the outer mass of the Milky Way to move faster than the mass of the inner Milky Way. But this is not consistent with observations over the years. Although it can be explained by the existence of dark matter, direct evidence for the existence of dark matter is still lacking. If there is dark matter around the earth that has a serious effect on gravitation, there should be many experimental results that violate the law of conservation of energy. However, various experiments conducted on the earth for more than 100 years have shown that energy is conserved. However, if the Galactic Center is a white hole, the white hole continuously ejects masses, and at the same time the white hole is still rotating at a high speed, the distribution of the surrounding mass is like a spiral firework, and it has a spiral shape. Combined with my previous works, I concluded that the scope of gravitation is limited at the cosmic scale. Therefore, the motion of the galaxy's peripheral mass around the Galactic Center can be simplified to a linear fluid motion, and its velocity is equal everywhere. This can be used to explain the observations of galactic rotation curves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[22] viXra:1912.0242 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-13 07:36:57

Masses Reach the Speed of Light at the Time They Vanish

Authors: Yahya Awad sharif Mohammed
Comments: 2 Pages. Email:yahya-sharif@hotmail.com

An object at motion decreases in its mass and converts it into energy and vanishes when reaching the speed of light c, the kinetic energy in this case is the mass energy adding to it energy due to motion , the kinetic energy will travel with the speed of light as photon , the total energy of the rest mass is conserved , part of it change to energy and part of it still solid until it vanishes
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[21] viXra:1912.0211 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-16 23:16:55

Metric Conventions and the FLRW Metric

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 7 Pages.

We investigate the flat space time Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker model of cosmology in the light of two metric signatures:(-,+,+,+) and (+,-,-,-). We arrive at the interesting fact that with the (+,-,-,-)signature both the Ricci scalar and the energy component of the stress energy tensor are negative for all points of cosmological time. With this component we do have a positive pressure favoring the expansion of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[20] viXra:1912.0175 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-11 15:15:56

Einstein's E=mc2 and Dark Energy

Authors: Milan D. Nešić
Comments: 11 Pages.

Aristotle, Ptolemy, and geocentrism. Copernicus, Kepler and heliocentrism. Newton, the real estate stars and the universe ether. Einstein, Lemaitre and the “big bang”—homocentrism, hidden geocentrism. One has to decide: either at once all the mass of the world was created and so large one, or the mass is variable and the measure of inertia is c2=const, whatever being energy from all over the universe. The article shows that today, when we know that there are quasars moving away from us at a speed and 95% of the speed of light, Einstein's energy E=mc2 should be considered as differential dE=c2dm. So since the corresponding binomial series for v→c is divergent, along with the solution of this differential equation goes an indefinite integration constant of infinite energy wherever we take the mass of rest m0 as coordinate origin. This is where the dark energy lies. And when Perlmutter writes that “it has long been assumed that there must be some underlying symmetry that precisely cancels the vacuum energy” at least 1055 times greater than required by astrophysical data, Maxwell Newton's postulate imposes by itself, while the unity of mass and vacuum could be shown by mathematical passage through the singularity of Planck's black body radiation, that is, of particles without mass, into Maxwell Boltzmann's distribution of velocities now of particles with mass.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[19] viXra:1912.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-09 03:06:41

Both Newton & Einstein Are Wrong

Authors: Mahesh Khati
Comments: 50 Pages.

This paper proves that Newton’s inertial frame concept & Special theory of relativity of Einstein are both wrong & requires some improvement. 1)This theory solves the problem of dark energy & dark matter. 2)This can solve the problem of dual nature of particle. 3)This gives answer for mass less photon. 4)This gives answer to difference between space & vacuum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[18] viXra:1912.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-08 14:15:12

Consequences of the Gravitational Red Shift of a Moving Gravity Well on The Electric Permittivity of the free space

Authors: Rayd majeed Al-Shammari
Comments: 21 Pages.

To explor the effect of the gravitational red shift of a gravity well on the electric permittivity of the free space then to expand this towards the collaboration between schwarzschild metric and lorentz transformation on electric permittivity of the free space under the unflonce of a moving gravity well .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[17] viXra:1912.0155 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-26 17:47:58

On the Metric Coefficients

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 5 Pages.

The article investigates the metric coefficients in the light of the Field Equations of General Relativity. We derive results connecting the metric coefficients(exclusively) that point to inconsistency in the formal [conventional] theory. They follow from the consistent application of mathematics on the existing theory of General Relativity and is quite starling in view of the fact that these results impose a an unacceptable constraint on the theory. These results do not apply where the energy density tensor has zero values.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[16] viXra:1912.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-07 20:59:36

Quantivity the Unified Theory of Everything I: Vacuum Mass/energy, and Redefining G as the Source of Negative Energy as the Counterpart of H

Authors: Sam Nassiri
Comments: 2 Pages.

This article is first of our multi-part articles covering our Unified Theory of Quantivity, which addresses the non-classical theoretical physics concepts studied in Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, and String Theory. This article has comprehensive coverage of the vacuum mass/energy We postulate that Planck mass refers to the neutral (i.e., with no charge) positive vacuum mass. This is the large mass unit (before being shared based on a sharing scheme to be covered in our future articles). This mass is combination of mass from h and G constants, which are sources of small units of positive and negative mass, respectively. For the first time here, we are referring to G as the counterpart of h, as the smallest unit of negative energy. We will show, while the Planck constant h is the source of positive mass with negative charge, while G is the source of negative mass with positive charge. We postulate that G could be behind the Dark energy/mass.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[15] viXra:1912.0141 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-07 09:44:53

Exploring the Existence of Extraterrestrial Civilizations with the Liquid Universe Model

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 12 Pages. 1 Figure; Including Russian abstract and Chinese Version

According to the liquid universe model, some of our existing ideas about extraterrestrial civilizations may need to be revised to some extent. Considering that the development of biological civilization needs to last for a relatively long time, for example, from the formation of protein on the earth to the age of dinosaurs, to the emergence of humans, it has continued for billions of years. And this time beginning was shortly after the birth of the planet. Therefore, the appearance of life on a planet is closely related to the life of the entire galaxy. Considering the liquid universe model, there are two cases. One is that the center of the galaxy is a black hole, which will continuously absorb the surrounding masses. The other is a white hole, which constantly throws masses to the outside. A common feature of both cases is that the outer masses of the galaxy exists for a long time, while the inner masses of the galaxy exists for a short time. Combining the time required for the evolution of living things, it can be judged that if advanced biological civilization is to be evolved in a galaxy, the more proliferating planets should be closer to the periphery of the galaxy, the longer the development time, the higher the civilization. According to such a conclusion, it means that at least in the Milky Way, the biological civilization on Earth should be in a very advanced position. This article also briefly discusses the various ways of detecting extraterrestrial civilizations, and gives some suggestions for the detection of extraterrestrial civilizations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[14] viXra:1912.0133 [pdf] replaced on 2020-05-27 17:47:18

Unification for Gravity and Electromagnetic Field in Kerr- Newman Solution

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 Pages. Thank you for reading

Solutions of unified theory equations of gravity and electromagnetism has to satisfy Einstein-Maxwell equation. Specially solution of the unified theory is generally Kerr-Newman solution in vacuum. We finally found the revised Einstein gravity tensor equation with new term (2 order contravariant metric tensor two times product and the constant matrix) is right in Kerr Newman solution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[13] viXra:1912.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-06 05:00:30

Disruptive Gravity (Corrected)

Authors: Ramses BOUNKEU SAFO
Comments: 20 pages in English. Corrected version of Disruptive Gravity (vixra:1905.0264)

Viewing gravity as a spacetime bending force instead of just a spacetime curvature, we come to the conclusion of rest mass relativity since it yields equivalent equations as General Relativity. A close analysis of the Schwarzschild metric leads us naturally to the Vacuum Apparent Energy Invariance principle from which we derive the metric equation. Applying this theory to cosmology, we can explain galaxies redshift as a delayed gravitational redshift which explains Hubble diagrams with no need for Dark Energy. This theory has the same predictive power as General Relativity for every local experimental tests of the latter since it's based on a slight modification of the Schwarzchild metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[12] viXra:1912.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-06 05:30:28

Undulating Relativity +§ 29 Yukawa Potential Energy “Continuation

Authors: Alfredo Dimas Moreira Garcia
Comments: 164 Pages.

Undulating Relativity + § 29 Yukawa Potential Energy “Continuation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[11] viXra:1912.0104 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-25 18:41:21

Why Are Gravitational Waves Detections so Close to New/full Moon?

Authors: Kovalyov, Mikhail
Comments: 7 Pages.

Of the 11 gravitational waves detections up to date, seven occurred within 43 hours of New/Full Moon or perihelion and four within the two weeks between the 2017/8/7 and 2017/8/21 eclipses. Why do the gravitational waves coming from millions of light years away arrive to Earth so close to these lunar events? The question is investigated in more detail.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:1912.0089 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-21 16:12:27

Equation of a Wave in Galilean Space Уравнение волны в галилеевом пространстве

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: In Russian, 18 pages

This paper is devoted to the equations of propagation of harmonic waves in one of the inercial system of Galilean space-time, which can be taken as an absolute counting system for waves. The equations of wave propagation in the case of infinite spaces are derived. In addition to waves, there may also exist non-wave objects whose speed of movement is not limited by the speed of sound. The word "relativistic"is hardly used. This is the next level of abstrac-tion of the independent existence of the wave. The word "Galilean" is very often used in the work. This word is the main thing in this work. Galilean space, Galilean standard, Galilean metric. Other main phrases are associated with the word "wave" – wave in Galilean space, wave standard, wave metric, Galilean WS. Данная работа посвящена уравнениям распространения гармонических волн в одном из ИСО галилеева пространства–времени, которое можно принять как абсолютная система от-счета (АСО) для волн. Выведены уравнения распространения волн в случае бесконечных, не-ограниченных размерами пространств. Кроме волн, в ней могут существовать и не волновые объекты, скорость движения кото-рых не ограничена скоростью звука. Практически не используется слово "релятивистское". Это – следующий уровень абстракции самостоятельного существования волны. В работе очень часто используется слово "галилеево". Именно это слово – главное в этой работе. Галилеево пространство, галилеев эталон, галилева метрика. Другие главные словосо-четания связаны со словом "волна" – волна в галилеевом пространстве, волновой эталон, вол-новая метрика, галилеево ВП.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[9] viXra:1912.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-04 08:57:53

Dark Matter Particles Can Travel at the Speed of Light. Special Relativity and General Relativity Are Wrong

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 464 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

Dark Matter particles can travel at the speed of light. Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong “Dark Matter particles can travel at the speed of light” Adrian Ferent “The gamma ray and the Dark Matter electron travel together at the speed of light” Adrian Ferent “Because the Dark Matter electron travels at the sped of light, Special Relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent “Because Special Relativity is wrong, General Relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent “In electron – positron collision gamma ray and Dark Matter electrons are created and Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong” Adrian Ferent “The electron – positron collision is another proof that Einstein Gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right” Adrian Ferent You learned from Einstein, your professors that when v = c, mass and energy goes to infinity and that’s not physically possible. In particle accelerators scientists try to accelerate electrons to the speed of light. Because the scientists do not understand what the electron is, they do not understand what they do there. In Ferent Quantum Gravity, FQG, during the electron – positron collision are created gamma rays and Dark Matter electrons. I discovered that: “The electron is a photon around Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The Dark Matter electron is the Dark Matter inside the electron” Adrian Ferent “Between the Ferent time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s and the Planck time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created the Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent “What the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand? When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons” Adrian Ferent “In electron – positron collision gamma ray and Dark Matter electrons are created” Adrian Ferent The electron – positron pair is produced by a photon – photon interaction. This means: “The gamma ray and the Dark Matter electron travel together at the speed of light” Adrian Ferent “Because the Dark Matter electron travels at the sped of light, Special Relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent “Because Special Relativity is wrong, General Relativity is wrong” Adrian Ferent “Dark Matter particles can travel at the speed of light” Adrian Ferent “In electron – positron collision gamma ray and Dark Matter electrons are created and Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong” Adrian Ferent “The electron – positron collision is another proof that Einstein Gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right” Adrian Ferent 279. I am the first who discovered that Dark Matter particles can travel at the speed of light 280. I am the first who discovered that the gamma ray and the Dark Matter electron travel together at the speed of light 281. I am the first who discovered because the Dark Matter electron travels at the sped of light, Special Relativity is wrong 282. I am the first who discovered because Special Relativity is wrong, General Relativity is wrong 283. I am the first who discovered that in electron – positron collision, gamma ray and Dark Matter electrons are created and Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong 284. I am the first who discovered that the electron – positron collision is another proof that Einstein Gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[8] viXra:1912.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-02 21:16:23

Effective Range of Gravitation

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 11 Pages. 1 figure

It is generally believed that both gravitational and electromagnetic forces belong to macroscopic interactions. However, since the smallest unit of matter is impossible to be infinitely small, the gravity or electromagnetic force cannot be infinitely small too. When these two macroscopic interactions are less than a certain value, it can be considered that there is no longer any interaction. How to determine the interaction range of gravitation, this article mainly analyzes by using the Planck length as the smallest unit of spacetime. It is assumed that if the gravitational potential changes across spacetime of Planck length less than a certain energy value, it indicates that gravitational potential cannot cross the Planck length. The gravitation will disappear as a result. From this, it is inferred that the effective interaction range of the gravitational force is related to the size of the mass. According to the gravitational effective range of the sun, the gravitational effective range of the huge mass of the galaxy's center can be calculated, and then the diameter of the galaxy's core can be calculated.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[7] viXra:1912.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-03 03:15:13

End for the Big Bang Theory, Dark Matter and Dark Energy. A New Logical, Clear and Scientific Explanation for the Accelerating Expansion of the Universe

Authors: Vaggelis Talios
Comments: 8 Pages.

The “big bang theory” was established at the end of the third decade of the past century, when astrophysicist Edwin Hubble made the very great discovery, that the Galaxies of the Universe do not have fixed positions, but they move and even move away, which means that the “Universe is expanding”. The theory of the big bang was in completely agreement with Hubble's discovery; so although it had many doubts, it was established as a cosmological theory, provided, of course, that over the time and the advancement of science, these doubts would be clarified. However, in the 1990s-2000s decade, something unexpected happened; two independent research teams, the Supernova Cosmology Project and the High Z Supernova Team, trying to study more thoroughly the expansion of the Universe, discovered that this expansion is accelerated, something that did not agree with the big bang theory, which provides for the opposite; that the expansion of the Universe is, a slowed down expansion. Since then, all of the scientific community has been in turmoil, because an overthrow of the theory of the big bang will overthrow and most of the newer theoretical physics too, which is related to the big bang theory. Unfortunately, science attempting to explain the accelerated expansion, through the controversial concepts of “dark matter” and “dark energy”, –defined as strange cosmic “some-things” and nothing more–, has failed and so far, not produced any positive result. Following these developments, I thought it necessary to get out of my office drawer and restore forward once again the “theory of the chain reaction”, which explains the accelerated expansion, describes with credibility and scientific consistency the creation and operation of the Cosmos and answers to almost all the questions that do not answer the big bang and the other cosmological theories.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[6] viXra:1912.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-02 02:09:15

Critical Mass (The End of General Relativity)

Authors: Matthew Taylor
Comments: 2 Pages. Original work. All rights reserved.

Having dispatched multiple, significant confirmations of General Relativity, it’s time to find out what went wrong and, if possible, fix it. (Spoiler: It can’t be fixed.)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:1912.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-01 16:22:06

QUANTIVITY The Unified Theory of Everything Part 1: Cosmological Constants as Quantized Spacetime Parameters, Vacuum Mass/Energy, and Partial Spacetime Anatomy

Authors: Sam Nassiri
Comments: 9 Pages.

Quantivity covers the fundamental concepts due to high-energy being explored in Special Relativity(SR), General Relativity(GR) Quantum Mechanics (QM) as well as String Theory (ST), and eventually reconciles them. Through our unique reverse engineering approach, we have got the big picture, we have conceptually unraveled the glorious grand design of the Universe. Our theory strongly supports the Holographic model of the universe. We claim that all the objects measurements might be turned into dimensionless frequencies, referred by us as q (or q factor), by using relevant cosmological units. It is further postulated that nature uses the same approach for objects measurements, so these q factors are compatible with each other and are capable of seamlessly being mixed with each other in any desired equation. Additionally, we strongly confirm the existence of the hidden world as mentioned in the literature, which simultaneously communicates with our visible world. While SR and GR address our visible world, and QM addresses the hidden world, QUANTIVITY addresses both. We have a comprehensive set of findings that will be published in multiple articles. In this article, as the first article of series of our articles, we concentrate on showing that the Spacetime is quantized, by deriving its grain size, rigorously, employing the previously known constants, which then consequently reveals its inverse as the number of Spacetime grains. Going into deeper discussions, we will show that, this fixed expansion of Spacetime is due to a special built-in mechanism that inflated its size vertically, due to high builtin velocity (i.e., c) and small rest mass (i.e., vacuum pos/neg masses), causing the Spacetime excitation with high frequency (coined by us as qmax, see Fig. 1). Additionally, said Spacetime inflation has caused a series of resource shortages, making objects to obey a resource sharing scheme for resources including energy, mass, space, and time. This concept might be considered as the propagation of resources, in the (vertical) Time, additional to their propagation in the (horizontal) Space. The value of this intrinsic qmax with the value of its inverse partner (qmin, as a pair of dimensionless constants) is the glorious set of numbers: 10±38.6308177. This pair behaves similar to the parameters of a balloon, wherein the size of its inflated space competes with its thickness. Further, we show that this pair of constants are being used everywhere as ultimate sizes, as well as addressing the following issues: (1) the long being sought for Cosmological Constant, (2) the ratio between the Strong Force and the Gravitational Force, (3), and the reason behind the so-called Gravity leak and/or possibly the presence of Dark Matter/Energy. Additionally, in this and our future articles we make interesting conclusions, including a postulate stating that length and space (after redefinition of space) are inverses of each other, and the time dilation, as well as the space dilation (i.e., the length contraction), lead to extreme light motion traversing the whole Spacetime almost instantly, without violating the SR’s 2nd postulate.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:1912.0009 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-12 22:44:26

On Four Velocity and Four Momentum

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 8 Pages.

We derive in this article that the four dot product between two arbitrary velocities is less than the square of the speed of light in vacuum and the product of two four momenta is less than the product of the two masses involved and the square of the speed of light[in vacuuo]. Finally we find a contradiction to these formulas.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[3] viXra:1912.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2019-12-01 01:47:59

Gravitational Waves Debunked

Authors: Matthew Taylor
Comments: 2 Pages. Original work. All rights reserved.

Applying the Natural Mechanics model (Taylor M 2019 Natural Mechanics http://vixra.org/abs/1911.0294) to describe the decay of Binary quasar systems - necessary to forge a consensus among astrophysicists
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[2] viXra:1912.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-10 11:48:51

Equations of Wave Propagation in Cyclic Galilean Spaces Уравнения распространения волны в циклических галилеевых пространствах

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: In Russian, 15 pages

This paper is devoted to the equations of propagation of harmonic waves in Galilean spaces with a single cyclic coordinate, in which a certain inercial reference system is distinguished as an absolute reference system for waves. The equations of wave propagation in the case of infinite, unbounded spaces are derived. Данная работа посвящена уравнениям распространения гармонических волн в галилеевых пространствах с одной циклической координатой, в которой выделяется некоторое ИСО как абсолютная система отсчета (АСО) для волн. Выведены уравнения распространения волн в случае бесконечных, неограниченных размерами пространств.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:1912.0004 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-03 18:41:09

Nullification of Relativity Theory Via the Sufficiency of the Galilean Velocity Transformation

Authors: John Lawrence Duval
Comments: 2 Pages.

If Relativity Theory is wrong, the error should be found at the very beginning of its derivation. This work does just that.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology