Quantum Gravity and String Theory

0910 Submissions

[13] viXra:0910.0068 [pdf] replaced on 2017-06-04 20:41:41

Synopsis of the "Tetrahedron Model" (a "Theory of Everything")

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 18 Pages. substantial revisions and additions

The "Tetrahedron Model" is a model of the devolution (asymmetric transformation) of light (free electromagnetic energy) into matter (bound electromagnetic energy), that is, of the relationship between the two forms of electromagnetic energy which constitute our Universe. The "Tetrahedron Model" revolves around the conversion of light into matter and vice versa, as regulated by four conservation laws or principles: the Conservation of Energy and Symmetry, Causality-Information, and Entropy. These four conservation laws/principles underlie the formulation of any Unified Field Theory.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[12] viXra:0910.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2014-07-07 12:19:37

Dark Energy: Does Light Produce a Gravitational Field?

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 6 Pages.

Light traveling freely in space does not produce a gravitational field - contrary to most "establishment" thinking. Because the "Interval" of light = zero, light has no specific location in spacetime (light is "non-local"), and hence cannot provide a center for such a field. Since an uncentered gravitational field violates energy (and symmetry) conservation (including the "Equivalence Principle"), light moving freely in vacuum cannot and does not produce a gravitational field. This result is important for theories attempting to unify gravity with the other forces.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[11] viXra:0910.0058 [pdf] replaced on 2013-06-26 13:31:33

About Gravity

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 10 Pages. adding an introduction section

The primordial conservation role of gravity is to provide negative energy sufficient to exactly balance the positive energy of the "Creation Event", so the universe can be born from a state of zero net energy as well as zero net charge (the latter due to the equal admixture of matter with antimatter). All subsequent conservation roles of gravity are secondary to and derived from this original creation-role. Following on from its primary role of providing negative energy during the "Big Bang", gravity plays two further major conservation roles in the evolving universe: 1) conserving the spatial entropy drive of light; 2) conserving the non-local distributional symmetry of light. In its entropy conservation role, gravity converts the intrinsic motion of light to the intrinsic motion of time - via the annihilation of space and the extraction of a metrically equivalent temporal residue. In its symmetry conservation role, gravity converts bound to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. These two conservation roles derive from the double gauge role of "velocity c", which regulates both light's intrinsic motion (the entropy drive of free electromagnetic energy), and light's non-local distributional symmetry (vanishing time and distance). Conserving light's non-local energy state via "location" charge, gravity simultaneously conserves light's entropy drive, since time itself is the active principle of "location" charge. Hence gravity's entropy conservation role is by default brought under the mantle of Noether's symmetry conservation theorem, revealing a pathway to the unification of gravitation with the other forces of physics: all charges of matter are symmetry debts of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[10] viXra:0910.0053 [pdf] submitted on 27 Oct 2009

Three-Dimensional Objects Only Consisting Of Time-Burdened Space As A Basis Of Matter And Its Interactions (Theory of Objects of Space)

Authors: H.-J. Hochecker
Comments: 23 pages, More details and the version in German language can be found on the authors web site (named inside the pdf)

From the constancy of light speed as demanded by the theory of special relativity (SRT) the time dilatation, the length contraction and the unsynchronisation of time arises. These three quantities (values) are not to be applied only to matter but also to the space as such, which is contained by matter. Due to this it yields that space areas can be distinguished from other space areas by these three quantities (values). Since these space areas, which are burdened with SRT values, must be in space again, too, it results that these space areas (burdened with SRT values) can move in space as objects. When these space areas meet then they overlap each other three-dimensionally and by doing this they build overlap areas (OA) with new SRT values. In this way these space areas burdened with SRT values can interact with each other, what for they are named space objects (SOs). It turns out that the SOs are able to interact with each other in the most various ways. How this happens is shown among others in this work. Due to their interactions the SOs are able to form highly complex structures, which we know as matter. Matter in its turn interacts by emitting and absorbing grate numbers of SOs in a field like manner. The great importance of the SOs in our world is underpinned in this work with several interesting examples; with that it is shown how the concept of the definition of the SOs can be used, and that it makes sense to use it. The SOs are the elements upon which all things are based and simultaneous they are the most basic of all elements also (in the time burdened threedimensional space). The "Theory of Space Objects" represents a link between different sections of physics such as gravitation, quantum theory, relativity, electromagnetism, building-up of matter, and much more.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[9] viXra:0910.0047 [pdf] replaced on 25 Oct 2009

Original Solution of Gravity is Without Gravitational Waves

Authors: Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 3 pages

Original solution of gravity motion is curved 4 dimensional cosmic space. Massive objects move into direction of higher curvature of space. Quantum gravity introduces idea that cosmic space is made out of grains of Planck size. If space has granular structure one can consider space also has its density. According to the second low of thermodynamics in the universe distribution of energy tends to be homogeneous. More mass in given volume of quantum space less space is dense. Less space is dense more space is curved. Massive objects move always into direction of lover density in higher curvature of quantum space. Gravitational motion of massive objects is result of change of density of quantum space. Change of density of quantum space is a physical basis for change of its curvature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[8] viXra:0910.0044 [pdf] submitted on 22 Oct 2009

New Conceptual Foundations for Quantum-Gravity and Quantum-Mechanics

Authors: B N Sreenath
Comments: 71 pages.

Quantum-Gravity (QG) is limited to bodies, which have attained their 'gravitational radius' like Black holes (BH) and Quasars. QG has been explained and solved on entirely new concepts and laws so as to bring within its scope not only unification of all physical interactions including gravitation in its 'distorted' form and electro-magnetism but also other cosmological problems which involve high energy existence like the BH dynamics, dark-energy, etc. This becomes obvious once we go through the BH Chart and the Interaction-Table (IT). In BH Chart and the IT, gravitational radius and the interaction-range are identified thus unifying the phenomena occurring in BH with those of the micro-world. The two laws of QG enunciated give rise to two fundamental constants in physics whose values are reciprocal to the values of 'C'and 'G'. The Quantum-Gravity field is identified with the "Exponentially Varying Accelerated (or Gravity) Field" so that in it both test masses of classical size and micro-particles of quantum size, describe the same 'Logarithmic Spiral Path'. Micro-particles can also describe 'Conical Spiral Path'. Thus QG field is an 'inward spinning field' which involves 'Torsion' and 'Curvature' varying. 'Spinors', which are used to describe the "Logarithmic Spiral Path" in BH, give rise to "Immirzi Parameter". From the concept of 'unitary change in acceleration', atomic transitions are explained and 'Heisenberg's Principle of Indeterminacy' is derived.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[7] viXra:0910.0035 [pdf] replaced on 2014-11-29 21:01:47

A Description of Gravity

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 21 Pages. paragraph added to black hole section

The rationale for gravity begins with the creation of the Cosmos - the negative energy of gravity is necessary to balance the positive energy of the "Big Bang", so that the "Creation Event" requires zero net energy. In a similar fashion, antimatter is also required to balance the charges of matter so that creation occurs from a state of zero net charge. Beginning in such a state of complete neutrality (perhaps as a giant quantum fluctuation of the vacuum, an "inflationary bubble", or by Divine Fiat), the Universe must subsequently evolve into a state of complete conservation. Details of the "Creation Event" are necessarily speculative. The gravitational rationale extends beyond the Creation Event to the creation of matter's time dimension and the conservation of the entropy drive and symmetric energy state of free electromagnetic energy (light). These secondary conservation roles (which manifest as the gravitational conversion of space to time, the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy via the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars and supernovas, the conversion of in-falling matter's potential gravitational energy to light in quasars, and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes), are natural consequences of the mode of action of gravity's primary role, which is the creation of negative energy and a negative entropy drive via the contraction, heating, and destruction of space (creating time), in contradistinction to the creation, expansion, and cooling of space by the positive energy and entropy drive of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[6] viXra:0910.0024 [pdf] submitted on 15 Oct 2009

On the Density of Space

Authors: Jakob Petelin
Comments: 1 Page

A recent paper came to our attention in which the author makes a striking conclusion about the properties of space. This paper investigates it in detail and demonstrates that upon such conclusion either the General Theory of Relativity is wrong or the mentioned author made some mistakes which have yet to be identified.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[5] viXra:0910.0020 [pdf] replaced on 2014-07-02 21:22:27

Extending Einstein's Equivalence Principle

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 14 Pages.

Einstein's "Equivalence Principle" asserts that a gravitational field cannot be distinguished from a suitably chosen accelerated reference frame - essentially because we cannot distinguish between the reciprocal cases of spacetime accelerating through us (gravity), or our own acceleration through spacetime (as in a rocket ship). Hence the equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass - classically recognized by Newton as the equivalence between inertial resistance and gravitational "weight", but not understood. Co-movers with a gravitational field (in free fall or orbit) experience no "weight" - the field apparently vanishes. This seminal observation allowed Einstein to equate gravitational and inertial fields in his General Theory of Relativity. Because there is another way to "vanish" a gravitational field, the possibility of extending Einstein's "Equivalence Principle" beyond inertial force is raised. The conversion of bound to free energy (mass to light) in many spontaneous astrophysical processes, such as stars (partially) and black holes (completely), "vanishes" the gravitational field that had been associated with the converted mass. This suggests a heuristic conceptual pathway for the unification of forces through Noether's symmetry conservation theorem via the equivalence of all charges and forces (including gravity) as symmetry debts of light: the charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[4] viXra:0910.0015 [pdf] replaced on 2014-06-28 16:37:53

The Double Conservation Role of Gravity

Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 14 Pages.

The primordial conservation role of gravity is to provide negative energy sufficient to exactly balance the positive energy of the "Creation Event", so the universe can be born from a state of zero net energy as well as zero net charge (the latter due to the equal admixture of matter with antimatter). All subsequent conservation roles of gravity are secondary to and derived from this original creation-role. (Negative energy is created by the collapse (rather than expansion) of spacetime and by the explicit presence of the time dimension.) Following on from its primary role of providing negative energy during the "Big Bang", gravity plays two further major conservation roles in the evolving universe: 1) Conserving light's spatial entropy drive (light's intrinsic motion), which is accomplished by the gravitational conversion of space to time - converting light's intrinsic motion to time's intrinsic motion. (See: "The Conversion of Space to Time".) 2) Conserving the non-local distributional symmetry of light's energy, which is accomplished by the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy in stars, supernovas, quasars, (partially), and (completely) in Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes (see: "Extending Einstein's "Equivalence Principle"). This double role is consequent upon Noether's Theorem and the double gauge role of "velocity c", which simultaneously regulates the entropy drive of free energy (the intrinsic spatial motion of light), and the non-local distributional symmetry of light's energy (vanishing time and the x (distance) spatial dimension). The entropy conservation role operates at all gravitational energy levels, while the symmetry conservation role must reach an energetic threshold before nuclear fusion can begin (in stellar interiors).
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[3] viXra:0910.0014 [pdf] submitted on 11 Oct 2009

Einstein Curvature Tensor And Density Tensor of Quantum Space

Authors: Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 1 pages

Quantization of the cosmic space allows introduction of density of cosmic space. Medium that has granular structure can also have density. More mass is in a given volume of quantum space, less space is dense. In General Theory of Relativity gravity is generated by change of curvature of cosmic space, here by change of density. The basis for curvature of space is its density. Einstein curvature tensor in a form 1/G is Density tensor of quantum space.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[2] viXra:0910.0007 [pdf] replaced on 28 Oct 2009

Density/Curvature of Quantum Space Generates Gravitational Motion

Authors: Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 5 pages

Clocks measure a frequency, velocity and numerical order of change. Experimental date confirms that changes and clocks do not run time; they run in quantum space only. Time is not a part of quantum space. Quantum space itself is timeless. In the universe as a whole amount of matter energy and amount of quantum space energy is constant. Density of mass and density of quantum space in a given volume of quantum space tends to be constant. Mass here is considered as a compressed energy of quantum space. Presence of mass in a given volume of quantum space diminishes its density. Massive objects move always into direction of lover density of quantum space. Gravitational motion of massive objects is result of change of density of quantum space. In space with no change of density massive object will not have gravitational motion as in centre of stellar objects or in a flat quantum space where massive objects are far away. Change of density of quantum space corresponds in General Theory of Relativity to the change of the curvature of space. Lower is density of quantum space bigger is its curvature. Here is introduced density/curvature of quantum space.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[1] viXra:0910.0004 [pdf] submitted on 5 Oct 2009

Mathematical Space-Time, Neuronal Space-Time and Timeless Quantum Space

Authors: Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 4 pages

The universe is in a continuous change. A change n gets transformed into a change n+1, the change n+1 into a change n+2 and so on. Clocks measure a frequency, velocity and numerical order of change. Experimental date confirms that changes and clocks do not run time; they run in quantum space only. Time is not a part of quantum space. Quantum space itself is timeless. Physical time that is clocks run is man created physical reality. Space-time is a math model merely. Fundamental arena of the universe is timeless quantum space. In the timeless quantum space into which massive bodies and elementary particles move there is no past and no future. Past and future belong to the inner neuronal space-time that is a result of neuronal activity of the brain.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory