λ=h/p is Universal?

11 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0029v1
title: λ=h/p is Universal?
authors: Z.Y. Wang
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 11 Dec 2009
abstract: de Broglie formula to photons in an unbounded space is E=hν and λ=h/p. According to electrodynamics, nevertheless,we prove the ratio E/p in a waveguide is greater than the product νλ which implies E=hν and p=h/λ cannot be tenable at the same time. Then the Casimir effect is applied to confirm E=hν and p

Spiritual and Scientific Principles of the "Tetrahedron Model"

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0028v1
title: Spiritual and Scientific Principles of the "Tetrahedron Model"
authors: John A. Gowan
category: History and Philosophy of Physics
type: submission
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: The four principles of the "Tetrahedron Model" (conservation of energy, entropy, conservation of symmetry, causality) are as much "spiritual" principles of "divine law" as they are "scientific" principles of "natural law". This is another example of the convergence of physical scientific thought and metaphysical, spiritual, or religious thought, of the merging of rational and intuitive world views. The "Tetrahedron Model" represents a fundamental iteration of a 4x3 hierarchy of fractal models, developed in the format of General Systems, a synthetic science which excels at bridging apparently disparate disciplines and world views. I will consider each of the 4 principles in turn.

General Systems and the Unified Field Theory. Part 2

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0027v1
title: General Systems and the Unified Field Theory. Part 2
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as follows: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. All forms of energy, including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charges produce forces which act to return the material system to its original symmetric state (light), paying matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment is exampled by matter-antimatter annihilation reactions, particle and proton decay, the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars, and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 forces (and charges) of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces.

General Systems and the Unified Field Theory, Part 1

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0026v1
title: General Systems and the Unified Field Theory, Part 1
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as follows: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. All forms of energy, including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charges produce forces which act to return the material system to its original symmetric state (light), paying matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment is exampled by matter-antimatter annihilation reactions, particle and proton decay, the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars, and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 forces (and charges) of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces.

A Rationale for Gravitation Gravity is Matter's Memory it Once Was Light

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0025v1
title: A Rationale for Gravitation Gravity is Matter's Memory it Once Was Light
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: Gravity plays a double conservation role in nature, conserving both: 1) the intrinsic motion of light (by converting it to the intrinsic motion of time - via the annihilation of space and the extraction of a metrically equivalent temporal residue (entropy conservation role); and 2) conserving the non-local distributional symmetry of light's energy (by converting bound to free energy in stars, and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes (symmetry conservation role). These two conservation roles derive from the double gauge role of "velocity c", which regulates both light's intrinsic motion c (the entropy drive of free electromagnetic energy), and light's non-local distributional symmetry (vanishing time and distance in the direction of propagation). When gravity conserves light's non-local, distributional symmetry (in obedience to "Noether's Theorem"), via gravity's "location" charge, gravity also conserves light's entropy drive by default, since time itself is the active principle of the "location" charge.

The Causes of Variations When Making Dowsable Measurements Part 2 Daily Variations Caused by the Earth Spinning on Its Axis

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0024v1
title: The Causes of Variations When Making Dowsable Measurements Part 2 Daily Variations Caused by the Earth Spinning on Its Axis
authors: Jeffrey S. Keen
category: Mind Science
type: submission
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: This is the second of a 5 part series of papers examining several local and non-local factors which affect dowsing measurements on a daily, monthly, annual, or ad hoc basis. Via the use of a standard yardstick, this paper quantifies significant variations in its length during the course of a day. In general, perceived measurements gradually increase in length during daylight hours, and continually reduce during the night. The major turning points are the local times of sunrise and sunset. To a lesser extent tides have an influence, but other perturbations are present that require further research. As well as tides and the Sun's photons, several additional contributory factors are identified such as the Earth's spin on its tilted axis, gravity, solar wind, or a possible subtle energy emitted by the Sun. But is the repeatable daily pattern of changing length caused by biological effects in the dowser, or in the information obtained by the dowser? In other words, is the above list of physical local and non local factors acting directly on the dowser's brain and body, or are these factors causing changes in consciousness via the Information Field? The latter is the "front runner" in the theory of dowsing.

The Short-Range or "Particle" Forces

9 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0023v1
title: The Short-Range or "Particle" Forces
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 9 Dec 2009
abstract: The strong force is responsible for the binding of compound atomic nuclei and the binding of quarks in the class of heavy composite particles, the hadrons. Hadrons consist of baryons (containing 3 quarks) and mesons (containing quark-antiquark pairs). The weak force is responsible for the creation, destruction, and transformation of single, unpaired elementary particles (quarks and leptons). Both forces are to be understood in terms of energy, charge, and especially symmetry conservation. The strong force conserves whole quantum units of charge and achieves "least bound energy" nuclear configurations; the weak force ensures the invariance of all conserved parameters in elementary particles during the creation, destruction, or transformation of single, unpaired particles.

Teilhard de Chardin Prophet of the Information Age

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0022v1
title: Teilhard de Chardin Prophet of the Information Age
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Physics of Biology
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: Teilhard de Chardin's notions of the "Noosphere" and the "Omega Point" are explored in the context of current knowledge and theory, especially J.E. Lovelock's conception of "Gaia" - planet Earth as a superorganism. Space-faring humans are seen as the "seeds" or dispersal agents of Gaia's reproductive phase, carrying Earth-life into the Galaxy. "Noah's Ark" is a vision of the future, not the past.

The Fractal Organization of Nature

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0021v1
title: The Fractal Organization of Nature
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Physics of Biology
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: A General Systems model of the Universe is presented, based on a fractal paradigm. A 4x3 "metric" or fractal algorithm is proposed as the organizing principle of the Microphysical, Biophysical, Astrophysical, and Metaphysical realms. The algorithm is expressed through the conservation laws and forces of physics, the families of elementary particles, the dimensions of spacetime, the quantum rules of atomic order, the structure of baryons, alpha particles, carbon atoms, carbon's molecular and crystal bonds, DNA, the genetic code, gravitation, and the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars. The human mind has discovered this order both intuitively and rationally, where it finds expression in the 4x3 (and 4x4) patterns of mythological, occult, religious, philosophical, and scientific "world systems" and cosmologies. A general model of the human "metaphysical realm", and a model of the unified field theory are presented as examples of how the fractal algorithm may be used in system modeling. In its most general form, the 4-part algorithm consists of an input of energy, followed by two complementary conservation modes, concluding with a restorative force which either returns the system to its original state, or elevates it to a "harmonic complexion" or resonant analog of the original state (the various levels of the model

Further on the Black Hole War, or to Make the World Deep, Precise and Large Enough for Physics

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0020v1
title: Further on the Black Hole War, or to Make the World Deep, Precise and Large Enough for Physics
authors: Elemér E Rosinger
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: Two somewhat long overdue arguments presented here may help in further clarifying the so called "Black Whole War" and beyond that, may be useful in Physics at large.

12 Summary Points Concerning Gravity

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0019v1
title: 12 Summary Points Concerning Gravity
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants, charges, and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts (charges), while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch". Gravity pays the entropy-interest on the symmetry debt of matter by creating matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space, providing a historical domain within which charge conservation can have significance. Gravitation eventually also pays the energy-principle on matter's symmetry debt, converting bound energy to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes.

Global and Local Gauge Symmetry in the "Tetrahedron Model": Part I

17 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0018v2
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetry in the "Tetrahedron Model": Part I
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 17 Dec 2009
abstract: 1) Noether's Theorem requires the conservation of light's symmetry no less than light's energy. 2) The charges (and spin) of matter are the symmetry debts of light. 3) Charge (and spin) conservation is a temporal, material form of symmetry conservation. 4) Paying (discharging) light's symmetry debt is the role of the 4 forces of physics (field vectors). 5) Charge invariance in time and space (in the service of symmetry conservation) is the key to understanding the local action of the forces ("local gauge symmetry currents"). 6) The field vectors of the forces act as "local gauge symmetry currents" which transform global charge invariance into local charge invariance - serving charge and symmetry conservation, and in the case of gravity, serving energy, symmetry, entropy, and causality conservation (because gravity creates time). 7) Gravity (as gauged by the universal gravitational constant "big G") transforms the global spatial metric of absolute motion and light, as gauged by the universal electromagnetic constant "c", into a local spacetime metric accommodating relative motion and matter. (The local gravitational metric is characterized by "little g".) (Gravity creates time by the annihilation and conversion of space.) 8) Gravity pays the entropy-"interest" on matter's symmetry debt, creating time by the annihilation of metrically equivalent space, decelerating cosmic expansion in consequence. Conversely, the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy (as in the stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes), pays the energy-"principle" on all symmetry and entropy debts, restoring (and hence to all appearances "accelerating") the original cosmic expansion. The radiance of our Sun and the stars represents a completed "circuit" of symmetry conservation. (See: "Currents of Entropy and Symmetry)".

Global and Local Gauge Symmetry in the "Tetrahedron Model": Part I

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0018v1
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetry in the "Tetrahedron Model": Part I
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: 1) Noether's Theorem requires the conservation of light's symmetry no less than light's energy. 2) The charges (and spin) of matter are the symmetry debts of light. 3) Charge (and spin) conservation is a temporal, material form of symmetry conservation. 4) Paying (discharging) light's symmetry debt is the role of the 4 forces of physics (field vectors). 5) Charge invariance in time and space (in the service of symmetry conservation) is the key to understanding the local action of the forces ("local gauge symmetry currents"). 6) The field vectors of the forces act as "local gauge symmetry currents" which transform global charge invariance into local charge invariance - serving charge and symmetry conservation, and in the case of gravity, serving energy, symmetry, entropy, and causality conservation (because gravity creates time). 7) Gravity (as gauged by the universal gravitational constant "big G") transforms the global spatial metric of absolute motion and light, as gauged by the universal electromagnetic constant "c", into a local spacetime metric accommodating relative motion and matter. (The local gravitational metric is characterized by "little g".) (Gravity creates time by the annihilation and conversion of space.) 8) Gravity pays the entropy-"interest" on matter's symmetry debt, creating time by the annihilation of metrically equivalent space, decelerating cosmic expansion in consequence. Conversely, the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy (as in the stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes), pays the energy-"principle" on all symmetry and entropy debts, restoring (and hence to all appearances "accelerating") the original cosmic expansion. The radiance of our Sun and the stars represents a completed "circuit" of symmetry conservation. (See: "Currents of Entropy and Symmetry)".

Resolving Russell's Paradox Within Cantor's Intuitive Set Theory

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0017v1
title: Resolving Russell's Paradox Within Cantor's Intuitive Set Theory
authors: Feng Xu
category: Set Theory and Logic
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: The set of all the subsets of a set is its power set, and the cardinality of the power set is always larger than the set and its subsets. Based on the definition and the inequality in cardinality, a set cannot include its power set as element, and a power set cannot include itself as element. "Russell's set" is a putative set of all the sets that don't include themselves as element. It can be shown, however, that "Russell's set" can never take in all such sets. This is because its own power set, which (like any power set) is a set that doesn't include itself (thus qualifies as an element for "Russell's set"), cannot (although should) be taken in due to the cardinality inequality. Thus "Russell's set" can never be formed. Without it, Russell's paradox, which forced the modification of Cantor's intuitive set theory into a more restricted axiomatic theory, can never be formulated. The reported approach to resolve Russell's paradox is fundamentally different from the conventional approaches. It may restore the self-consistency of Cantor's original set theory, make the Axiom of Regularity unnecessary, and expand the coverage of set to assemblies that include themselves as element.

Apparent Time-Dependence of the Hubble Constant Deduced From the Observed Hubble Velocity-Distance Equation

8 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0016v1
title: Apparent Time-Dependence of the Hubble Constant Deduced From the Observed Hubble Velocity-Distance Equation
authors: Feng Xu
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 8 Dec 2009
abstract: An apparent time dependence of the Hubble constant was deduced from the linear correlation between the recession velocity of galaxies and the traveled distance of their photons under the assumption of the space expansion being homologous. The time dependence of the space expansion velocity at early era implied that the currently used relativistic Doppler equation, invalid for accelerating/deaccelerating reference frames, would lead to inaccurate measurement of the cosmological recession velocity for highly redshifted galaxies/quasars.

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to Space Time Physics & Deceleration Parameter ( DE Replacement?)

23 Jan 2010

reference: viXra:0912.0015v4
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to Space Time Physics & Deceleration Parameter ( DE Replacement?)
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 23 Jan 2010
abstract: This 41 page PPT changed to PDF is material in common A.Beckwith gave in the ChristChurch, New Zealand Meeting, December 16th, 2009, i.e. the ACGRG 5th conference in GR , and also to be presented in the Beyond the Standard Model, 2010 meeting, in South Africa

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to Space Time Physics & Deceleration Parameter ( DE Replacement?)

21 Jan 2010

reference: viXra:0912.0015v3
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to Space Time Physics & Deceleration Parameter ( DE Replacement?)
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 21 Jan 2010
abstract: This 39 page PPT changed to PDF is material in common A.Beckwith gave in the ChristChurch, New Zealand Meeting, December 16th, 2009, i.e. the ACGRG 5th conference in GR , and also to be presented in the Beyond the Standard Model, 2010 meeting, in South Africa

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space-Time Physics for the 5th Acgrg5 Meeting

9 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0015v2
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space-Time Physics for the 5th Acgrg5 Meeting
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 9 Dec 2009
abstract: This 34 page PPT changed to PDF is the 20 minute talk A.Beckwith gives in the ChristChurch, New Zealand Meeting, December 16th, 2009, i.e. the ACGRG 5th conference in GR

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space-Time Physics for the 5th Acgrg5 Meeting

7 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0015v1
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space-Time Physics for the 5th Acgrg5 Meeting
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 7 Dec 2009
abstract: This 33 page PPT changed to PDF is the 20 minute talk A.Beckwith gives in the ChristChurch, New Zealand Meeting, December 16th, 2009, i.e. the ACGRG 5th conference in GR

On Some New Fibonacci Identities

7 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0014v1
title: On Some New Fibonacci Identities
authors: Hideyuki Ohtsuka
category: Number Theory
type: submission
date: 7 Dec 2009
abstract: In this paper, we obtain interesting identities for Fibonacci numbers. One of them is as follows. For integers a, b, c, d and r with a+b+c+d = 0 , then we have F_a-rF_b-rF_c-rF_d-r - F_a+rF_b+rF_c+rF_d+r = (-1)^d+rF_2rF_a+bF_b+cF_c+a

Possible Experimental Evidence to the Converse Unruh Effect in Superconductors

7 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0013v1
title: Possible Experimental Evidence to the Converse Unruh Effect in Superconductors
authors: Z.Y. Wang
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 7 Dec 2009
abstract: Although there has not any direct evidence to the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation until now, the converse effect was maybe detected in superconductors. In a noteless experiment performed by scientists of USSR in 1984, a heat flow across the Josephson junction induced the a.c.component[1] and was interpreted to be a thermoelectric effect. Actually, the thermoelectric effect means a temperature gradient will generate an extra current. It occurs in a normal material but does not exist in superconductors. Here is a whole new effect that an extra phase difference rather than current is induced. We regard it as the converse Unruh effect where the temperature is corresponding to an acceleration. Then the temperature gradient will lead to an energy difference and consequential phase change just like the a.c.Josephson effect. Based on the postulate, the frequency formula dependent to the temperature difference T T dl is given which is in the region of ω = 4πkΔ/(ℏ² V_F) ∫(T₁ - T₂)dl radiowaves and consistent with the mentioned experiment. We hope further experiments will be carried out soon to make clear the phenomenon.

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics

19 Feb 2010

reference: viXra:0912.0012v5
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 19 Feb 2010
abstract: The following document is to answer if higher dimensions add value to answering fundamental cosmology questions. The results are mixed, 1st with higher dimensions apparently helping in reconstructing and preserving the value of Planck's constant, and the fine structure constant from a prior to a present universe, while 2nd failing to add anything different from four dimensional cosmological models to the question of what would cause an increase in the expansion rate of the universe, as of a billion years ago. Finally 3rd, higher dimensions may allow creation of a joint DM and DE model. A choice between LQG and brane world geometry is introduced by Snyder geometry, where Snyder geometry's minimum uncertainty length calculations δx may help determine to what extent gravity is an emergent field that is classical. Independent of the choice of LQG and branes (four dimensions versus higher dimensional cosmology models) is the following question: If gravity is largely classical, how much nonlinearity is involved? Gravitons and their structure as information carriers may help answer these questions. The main point of this document: DM and DE may be unified in terms of cosmological dynamics if the higher dimensional models of DM, as seen by KK towers of gravitons are seen to be pertinent to increasing acceleration of the universe a billion years ago via a 4th dimensional small graviton mass term added to the KK tower DM representation of gravitons (a model of DM).

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics

22 Jan 2010

reference: viXra:0912.0012v4
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 22 Jan 2010
abstract: The following document is to answer if higher dimensions add value to answering fundamental cosmology questions. The results are mixed, 1st with higher dimensions apparently helping in reconstructing and preserving the value of Plancks constant, and the fine structure constant from a prior to a present universe, while 2nd failing to add anything different from four dimensional cosmological models to the question of what would cause an increase in the expansion rate of the universe, as of a billion years ago. Finally 3rd,, higher dimensions may enable creation of a joint DM and DE model. A choice between LQG and brane world geometry is introduced by Snyder geometry, where Snyder geometry's minimum uncertainty length calculations Δx may help determine to what extent gravity is an emergent field that is partly or largely classical. Independent of the choice of LQG and branes (four dimensions versus higher dimensional cosmology models) is the following question: If gravity is largely classical, how much nonlinearity is involved? Gravitons and their structure as information carriers may help answer these questions. The main point of this document: DM and DE may be seen to be unified in terms of cosmological dynamics if the higher dimensional models of DM, as seen by KK towers of Gravitons are seen to be pertinent to increasing acceleration of the universe a billion years ago via a 4th dimensional small graviton mass term.added to the KK tower DM representation of Gravitons (a model of DM) In 4 dimensions, 11 dimensional DM structure 'imitates' DE in four dimensions.

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics

27 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0012v3
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 27 Dec 2009
abstract: This thought experiment supposition will be raised, as a way to start investigations as to being able to choose either LQG, or string theory, as an initial space time template for emergent gravity . The author intends to explore the applications of deformed Euclidian space to questions as of the role of either string theory and/or LQG as to what degree the fundamental constants of nature are preserved between different cosmological cycles, and also the degree that gravity is an emergent field which is either partly/largely classical, with extreme non linearity, or a far more quantum phenomenon.

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics

10 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0012v2
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 10 Dec 2009
abstract: This thought experiment supposition will be raised, as a way to start investigations as to being able to choose either LQG, or string theory, as an initial space time template for emergent gravity . The author intends to explore the applications of deformed Euclidian space to questions as of the role of either string theory and/or LQG as to what degree the fundamental constants of nature are preserved between different cosmological cycles, and also the degree that gravity is an emergent field which is either partly/largely classical, with extreme non linearity, or a far more quantum phenomenon.

Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics

6 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0012v1
title: Applications of Euclidian Snyder Geometry to the Foundations of Space Time Physics
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 6 Dec 2009
abstract: This thought experiment supposition will be raised, as a way to start investigations as to being able to choose either LQG, or string theory, as an initial space time template for emergent gravity . The author intends to explore the applications of deformed Euclidian space to questions as of the role of either string theory and/or LQG as to what degree the fundamental constants of nature are preserved between different cosmological cycles, and also the degree that gravity is an emergent field which is either partly/largely classical, with extreme non linearity, or a far more quantum phenomenon.

Global-Local Gauge Symmetry: Part III: the Weak Force

19 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0011v2
title: Global-Local Gauge Symmetry: Part III: the Weak Force
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 19 Dec 2009
abstract: The most significant effect of the massive weak force IVBs (Intermediate Vector Bosons) is that they create a specific energy level, a particular unified force symmetric energy state (as "gauged" or scaled by the mass of the Higgs boson), that recreates the original energy-dense primordial environment in which particles were first created and transformed during the early micro-moments of the "Big Bang". This recapitulation ensures that the original and strictly conserved values of charge, mass, energy, etc. are handed on invariant to the next generation of elementary particles: elementary particles created today must be exactly the same in every respect as elementary particles created eons ago during the "Big Bang". These unified force symmetric energy states (for example, the electroweak unified force state, as produced by the "W" IVB) - within which identity transformations are the normal course of events - appear to us as the quantized masses of the IVBs. At the electroweak energy level mediated by the "W" IVB, "ground state" or electromagnetic "species"-level "flavor" identities (electrons vs u,d quarks) are subsumed within a broader "generic"-level identity (leptons vs hadrons); at the next higher GUT energy level (in which the electroweak and strong forces are unified), generic-level identities are subsumed within "family"-level identities - leptons and hadrons become simply fermions or leptoquarks. The final force unification level, the TOE or Planck energy level, incorporates gravity, in which fermions and bosons, particles, light, gravity, and spacetime, are all subsumed within the elemental "order"-level of electromagnetic energy - Gamow's "ylem". (Here I have deliberately employed the terms of the familiar biological taxonomic hierarchy (species, genus, family, order), as it provides a good analogy for the way unfamiliar particle identities and categories are subsumed within the physics hierarchy or energy levels of the unified force symmetric energy states - electromagnetic (ground state), electroweak, GUT, and TOE.) (See: "The Higgs Boson and the Weak Force IVBs".)

Global-Local Gauge Symmetry: Part III: the Weak Force

5 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0011v1
title: Global-Local Gauge Symmetry: Part III: the Weak Force
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 5 Dec 2009
abstract: The most significant effect of the massive weak force IVBs (Intermediate Vector Bosons) is that they create a specific energy level, a particular unified force symmetric energy state (as "gauged" or scaled by the mass of the Higgs boson), that recreates the original energy-dense primordial environment in which particles were first created and transformed during the early micro-moments of the "Big Bang". This recapitulation ensures that the original and strictly conserved values of charge, mass, energy, etc. are handed on invariant to the next generation of elementary particles: elementary particles created today must be exactly the same in every respect as elementary particles created eons ago during the "Big Bang". These unified force symmetric energy states (for example, the electroweak unified force state, as produced by the "W" IVB) - within which identity transformations are the normal course of events - appear to us as the quantized masses of the IVBs. At the electroweak energy level mediated by the "W" IVB, "ground state" or electromagnetic "species"-level "flavor" identities (electrons vs u,d quarks) are subsumed within a broader "generic"-level identity (leptons vs hadrons); at the next higher GUT energy level (in which the electroweak and strong forces are unified), generic-level identities are subsumed within "family"-level identities - leptons and hadrons become simply fermions or leptoquarks. The final force unification level, the TOE or Planck energy level, incorporates gravity, in which fermions and bosons, particles, light, gravity, and spacetime, are all subsumed within the elemental "order"-level of electromagnetic energy - Gamow's "ylem". (Here I have deliberately employed the terms of the familiar biological taxonomic hierarchy (species, genus, family, order), as it provides a good analogy for the way unfamiliar particle identities and categories are subsumed within the physics hierarchy or energy levels of the unified force symmetric energy states - electromagnetic (ground state), electroweak, GUT, and TOE.) (See: "The Higgs Boson and the Weak Force IVBs".)

Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)

18 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0010v3
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 18 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants, charges, and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts (charges), while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch". Gravity pays the entropy-interest on the symmetry debt of matter by creating matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space, providing a historical domain within which charge conservation can have significance. Gravitation eventually also pays the energy-principle on matter's symmetry debt, converting bound energy to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes.

Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)

7 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0010v2
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 7 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants, charges, and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts (charges), while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch". Gravity pays the entropy-interest on the symmetry debt of matter by creating matter's time dimension via the annihilation of space, providing a historical domain within which charge conservation can have significance. Gravitation eventually also pays the energy-principle on matter's symmetry debt, converting bound energy to free energy in stars and via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes.

Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)

3 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0010v1
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Part II (Gravitation)
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 3 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch".

Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Parts IV and V

5 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0009v2
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Parts IV and V
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 5 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch".

Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Parts IV and V

3 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0009v1
title: Global and Local Gauge Symmetries: Parts IV and V
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 3 Dec 2009
abstract: "Local gauge symmetry currents" are forces that maintain the local invariance of universal constants and other conserved parameters (such as causality and the "Interval") despite the hostile environment of a variable gravitational (or inertial) metric, relative rather than absolute motion, entropy, partial charges, etc. These compensatory forces are due to the activity of the field vectors of the four forces, which not only act (in the long term) to return these asymmetric material systems to their original symmetric state (light), but also act (in the short term) to protect and maintain the invariant values of their symmetry debts while awaiting a final repayment via antimatter annihilation, proton decay, the "quantum radiance" of black holes, or a universal "Big Crunch".

Upper Bounds on the Geometric Mean of Fibonacci Numbers

3 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0008v1
title: Upper Bounds on the Geometric Mean of Fibonacci Numbers
authors: Hideyuki Ohtsuka
category: Number Theory
type: submission
date: 3 Dec 2009
abstract: In this paper, we consider upper bounds on the geometric mean of Fibonacci sequence { F_k }_k=2²ⁿ

Light and Matter a Synopsis

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0007v1
title: Light and Matter a Synopsis
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as follows: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charge invariance is therefore an important corollary of charge and symmetry conservation, maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric of relative motion by "local gauge symmetry currents" (compensating components of the field vectors, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval", and causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges produce forces which act to return the material system toward its original symmetric state (light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of matter's symmetry debt (partial and complete) is exampled by: 1) chemical reaction and matter-antimatter annihilation; 2) radioactivity and proton decay; 3) the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

Getting Path Integrals Physically and Technically Right

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0006v1
title: Getting Path Integrals Physically and Technically Right
authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: Feynman's Lagrangian path integral was an outgrowth of Dirac's vague surmise that Lagrangians have a role in quantum mechanics. Lagrangians implicitly incorporate Hamilton's first equation of motion, so their use contravenes the uncertainty principle, but they are relevant to semiclassical approximations and relatedly to the ubiquitous case that the Hamiltonian is quadratic in the canonical momenta, which accounts for the Lagrangian path integral's "success". Feynman also invented the Hamiltonian path integral, which is fully compatible with the uncertainty principle. This paper refines that path integral to automatically enforce standard endpoint stipulations on the paths over which it integrates, which makes proof of its key decomposition property straightforward. Orthogonal path expansion using "Taylor-normalized" Legendre polynomials in time enables that path integral to be evaluated unambiguously through first order in its elapsed time. This, together with its decomposition property, shows that the path integral satisfies the Schrödinger equation with a unique quantization of its classical Hamiltonian. A widespread misconception regarding that uniqueness is traced to the erroneous belief that widely separated path endpoint stipulations are not fulfilled for arbitrarily short nonzero elapsed times. The paper also obtains the quantum amplitude for any stipulated configuration or momentum path, which turns out to be an unrestricted functional integral over, respectively, all momentum or all configuration paths. The first of these results is directly compared with Feynman's mistaken Lagrangian-action hypothesis for such a configuration path amplitude, with special heed to the case that the Hamiltonian is quadratic in the canonical momenta.

Unambiguous Quantization From the Maximum Classical Correspondence that is Self-Consistent: the Slightly Stronger Canonical Commutation Rule Dirac Missed

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0005v1
title: Unambiguous Quantization From the Maximum Classical Correspondence that is Self-Consistent: the Slightly Stronger Canonical Commutation Rule Dirac Missed
authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: Dirac's identification of the quantum analog of the Poisson bracket with the commutator is reviewed, as is the threat of self-inconsistent overdetermination of the quantization of classical dynamical variables which drove him to restrict the assumption of correspondence between quantum and classical Poisson brackets to embrace only the Cartesian components of the phase space vector. Dirac's canonical commutation rule fails to determine the order of noncommuting factors within quantized classical dynamical variables, but does imply the quantum/classical correspondence of Poisson brackets between any linear function of phase space and the sum of an arbitrary function of only configuration space with one of only momentum space. Since every linear function of phase space is itself such a sum, it is worth checking whether the assumption of quantum/classical correspondence of Poisson brackets for all such sums is still self-consistent. Not only is that so, but this slightly stronger canonical commutation rule also unambiguously determines the order of noncommuting factors within quantized dynamical variables in accord with the 1925 Born-Jordan quantization surmise, thus replicating the results of the Hamiltonian path integral, a fact first realized by E. H. Kerner. Born-Jordan quantization validates the generalized Ehrenfest theorem, but has no inverse, which disallows the disturbing features of the poorly physically motivated invertible Weyl quantization, i.e., its unique deterministic classical "shadow world" which can manifest negative densities in phase space.

Sound Relativistic Quantum Mechanics for a Strictly Solitary Nonzero-Mass Particle, and Its Quantum-Field Reverberations

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0004v1
title: Sound Relativistic Quantum Mechanics for a Strictly Solitary Nonzero-Mass Particle, and Its Quantum-Field Reverberations
authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: It is generally acknowledged that neither the Klein-Gordon equation nor the Dirac Hamiltonian can produce sound solitary-particle relativistic quantum mechanics due to the ill effects of their negative-energy solutions; instead their field-quantized wavefunctions are reinterpreted as dealing with particle and antiparticle simultaneously - despite the clear physical distinguishability of antiparticle from particle and the empirically known slight breaking of the underlying CP invariance. The natural square-root Hamiltonian of the free relativistic solitary particle is iterated to obtain the Klein-Gordon equation and linearized to obtain the Dirac Hamiltonian, steps that have calculational but not physical motivation, and which generate the above-mentioned problematic negative-energy solutions as extraneous artifacts. Since the natural square-root Hamiltonian for the free relativistic solitary particle contrariwise produces physically unexceptionable quantum mechanics, this article focuses on extending that Hamiltonian to describe a solitary particle (of either spin 0 or spin ½ in relativistic interaction with an external electromagnetic field. That is achieved by use of Lorentz-covariant solitary-particle four-momentum techniques together with the assumption that well-known nonrelativistic dynamics applies in the particle's rest frame. Lorentz-invariant solitary-particle actions, whose formal Hamiltonization is an equivalent alternative approach, are as well explicitly displayed. It is proposed that two separate solitary-particle wavefunctions, one for a particle and the other for its antiparticle, be independently quantized in lieu of "reinterpreting" negative-energy solutions - which indeed don't even afflict proper solitary particles.

Orthodox Quantization of Einstein's Gravity: Might Its Unrenormalizability be Technically Fathomable and Physically Innocuous?

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0003v1
title: Orthodox Quantization of Einstein's Gravity: Might Its Unrenormalizability be Technically Fathomable and Physically Innocuous?
authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: Many physical constants related to quantized gravity, e.g., the Planck length, mass, curvature, stress-energy, etc., are nonanalytic in G at G = 0, and thus have expansions in powers of G whose terms are progressively more divergent with increasing order. Since the gravity field's classical action is inversely proportional to G, the path integral for gravity-field quantum transition amplitudes shows that these depend on G only through the product ℏG, and are nonanalytic in G at G = 0 for the same reason that all quantum transition amplitudes are nonanalytic in ℏ at ℏ = 0, namely their standard oscillatory essential singularity at the classical 'limit'. Thus perturbation expansions in powers of G of gravity-field transition amplitudes are also progressively more divergent with increasing order, and hence unrenormalizable. While their perturbative treatment is impossible, the exceedingly small value of ℏG makes the semiclassical treatment of these amplitudes extraordinarily accurate, indeed to such an extent that purely classical treatment of the gravity field ought to always be entirely adequate. It should therefore be fruitful to couple classical gravity to other fields which actually need to be quantized: those fields' ubiquitous, annoying ultraviolet divergences would thereupon undergo drastic self-gravitational red shift, and thus be cut off.

Synopsis of the Unification Theory: the System of Matter

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0002v1
title: Synopsis of the Unification Theory: the System of Matter
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as follows: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charge invariance is therefore an important corollary of charge and symmetry conservation, maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric of relative motion by "local gauge symmetry currents" (compensating components of the field vectors, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval", and causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges produce forces which act to return the material system toward its original symmetric state (light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of matter's symmetry debt (partial and complete) is exampled by: 1) chemical reaction and matter-antimatter annihilation; 2) radioactivity and proton decay; 3) the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

Synopsis of Unification Theory

1 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0912.0001v1
title: Synopsis of Unification Theory
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 1 Dec 2009
abstract: The conceptual basis of the Unified Field Theory, as presented in these pages, can be briefly sketched as follows: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multi-component field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one finds an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Light's raw energy is conserved as mass and momentum; light's intrinsic motion or entropy drive is conserved as time and gravitation. All forms of energy, including the conservation/entropy domain of spacetime, originate as light. During the "Big Bang", the asymmetric interaction of primordial, high energy light with the metric structure of spacetime produces matter; matter carries charges which are the symmetry (and entropy) debts of the light which created it. Charge invariance is therefore an important corollary of charge and symmetry conservation, maintained in our temporal (gravitational) metric of relative motion by "local gauge symmetry currents" (compensating components of the field vectors, such as magnetism and time). The invariance of "velocity c", the "Interval", and causality (metric analogs of charge) are likewise important corollaries of energy conservation (the "Lorentz Invariance" of Special and General Relativity). Charges produce forces which act to return the material system toward its original symmetric state (light), paying (partially or completely) matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment of matter's symmetry debt (partial and complete) is exampled by: 1) chemical reaction and matter-antimatter annihilation; 2) radioactivity and proton decay; 3) the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification of those forces. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

Stretched Neutrinos, and the Supposed Linkage to Gravitons/ HFGW Data Sets

26 Jan 2010

reference: viXra:0911.0067v2
title: Stretched Neutrinos, and the Supposed Linkage to Gravitons/ HFGW Data Sets
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 26 Jan 2010
abstract: The issue of whether or not a correlation exists between neutrino physics and gravitational wave data sets/gravitons is raised anew. Particular emphasis is placed on analysis of the Fuller and Kishimoto scenario, suggesting that the wave function of a relic neutrino may span up to billions of light years across galaxies because of its low energy and particles traveling at different speeds. There is an initial close relationship between gravitational waves/gravitons and relic neutrinos in early-universe nucleation, so is there is a corresponding "stretch-out" of gravitons? If so, what would this imply for improved graviton/gravity wave detectors?

Stretched Neutrinos, and the Supposed Linkage to Gravitons/ HFGW Data Sets

30 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0067v1
title: Stretched Neutrinos, and the Supposed Linkage to Gravitons/ HFGW Data Sets
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 30 Nov 2009
abstract: Following the discussion of George Fuller and Chad Kishimoto, in PRL, 2009, the issue of if or not a correlation exist between neutrino physics, and HFGW data sets / gravitons will be raised anew, with a particular emphasis upon what happens if the following scenario outlined by Fuller and Kishimoto arises. What if as the "universe expanded, the most massive of these states slowed down in the relic neutrinos, stretching them across the universe". If an initial close correlation between Gravition data sets/ HFGW and relic neutrinos exists in the beginning, do we have in any case a situation where there is a corresponding 'stretch out' of gravitons? If so, what would this say about the relevant requirements for graviton/ HFGW detectors?

Principles of a Unified Field Theory: a Tetrahedral Model

30 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0066v1
title: Principles of a Unified Field Theory: a Tetrahedral Model
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 30 Nov 2009
abstract: The tetrahedron diagram is a model of the conversion of free electromagnetic energy (light) into bound electromagnetic energy (matter), and their consequent relationship. So far as we know, the creation of matter has occurred naturally only once, during the very early moments of the "Big Bang", the birth of our Universe. Other examples of the conversion of free to bound energy, not involving the creation of new matter, include the conversion of free energy to "work" and the momentum and kinetic energy of massive particles and organized macroscopic systems, and the simple absorption of photons by the electron shells of atoms (including photosynthesis).

Cosmic Deceleration Parameter Q(Z) Dependence Upon Gravitons? Implications for DM Models, De, and the Search for Gravitons as Measured Via E and M Interactions in Detectors

1 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0065v2
title: Cosmic Deceleration Parameter Q(Z) Dependence Upon Gravitons? Implications for DM Models, De, and the Search for Gravitons as Measured Via E and M Interactions in Detectors
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 1 Dec 2009
abstract: In this paper the author asks if DM and gravitons could also impact the cosmic acceleration of the universe, leading to an increase of acceleration one billion years ago, in a manner usually attributed to DE. Following Alves, et al. (2009) the author will high light what KK style gravitons, with a slightly different mass profile could mean in terms of DM The consequences are from assuming that axions are CDM, and KK gravitons are for WDM, then up to a point, ρ_{Warm-Dark-Matter} would dominate not only structure formation in early universe formation, Further efforts in obtaining data for such suppositions would lie in electro magnetic-graviton interactions contributing toward h₀² Ω_gw (f) being appropriately measured.

Cosmic Deceleration Parameter Q(Z) Dependence Upon Gravitons? Implications for DM Models, De, and the Search for Gravitons as Measured Via E and M Interactions in Detectors

30 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0065v1
title: Cosmic Deceleration Parameter Q(Z) Dependence Upon Gravitons? Implications for DM Models, De, and the Search for Gravitons as Measured Via E and M Interactions in Detectors
authors: Andrew Beckwith
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 30 Nov 2009
abstract: In this paper the author asks if DM and gravitons could also impact the cosmic acceleration of the universe, leading to an increase of acceleration one billion years ago, in a manner usually attributed to DE. Following Alves, et al. (2009) the author will high light what KK style gravitons, with a slightly different mass profile could mean in terms of DM The consequences are from assuming that axions are CDM, and KK gravitons are for WDM, then up to a point, ρ_{Warm-Dark-Matter} would dominate not only structure formation in early universe formation, Further efforts in obtaining data for such suppositions would lie in electro magnetic-graviton interactions contributing toward h₀² Ω_gw (f) being appropriately measured.

Why the Weather Suddenly Becomes Colder Just Before the Rising of the Sun

29 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0064v1
title: Why the Weather Suddenly Becomes Colder Just Before the Rising of the Sun
authors: Hamid V. Ansari
category: Classical Physics
type: submission
date: 29 Nov 2009
abstract: It seems there isn't any convincing analysis in the physical literature to answer the above question. We try to find the answer considering that it must be found in the simultaneous appearance of sunshine on the horizon and the sudden fall in the weather temperature.

Higgs Table No. i: Unified Force Eras or Symmetric Energy Levels of the "Big Bang"

29 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0063v2
title: Higgs Table No. i: Unified Force Eras or Symmetric Energy Levels of the "Big Bang"
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: replacement
date: 29 Nov 2009
abstract: We explore the hypothesis that there are 3 families or energy levels of the Higgs bosons and their associated Intermediate Vector bosons (IVBs), analogously to the three families or energy levels of the quarks and leptons. The Universe apparently devolves (rapidly) in an asymmetric "Higgs Cascade" to the electromagnetic ground state, and evolves (slowly) upward again in a "rebound" driven by symmetry conservation (Noether's Theorem) toward its original state of pure electromagnetic radiation (light).

Higgs Table No. i: Unified Force Eras or Symmetric Energy Levels of the "Big Bang"

28 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0063v1
title: Higgs Table No. i: Unified Force Eras or Symmetric Energy Levels of the "Big Bang"
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 28 Nov 2009
abstract: "Multiverse": Non-dimensional "vacuum" source of undefined symmetric energy and creative potential - produces our 4-D universe as a quantum fluctuation of no net energy or charge, conserving energy, with "life-friendly" physical constants ("Anthropic Principle"). Balanced pos-neg (gravitational) energy and matter-antimatter charge symmetry. (Cosmos, Multiverse united). "Big Bang": Cosmos evolves from "Multiverse".

The Causes of Variations When Making Dowsable Measurements Part 1 Introduction and Personal Factors

28 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0062v1
title: The Causes of Variations When Making Dowsable Measurements Part 1 Introduction and Personal Factors
authors: Jeffrey S. Keen
category: Mind Science
type: submission
date: 28 Nov 2009
abstract: Although some people dismiss dowsing because of perceived inconsistencies of results, this variability can be of great benefit in researching the factors that cause the phenomenon of dowsing. Experimental results, using robust scientific techniques and protocols for measurements, are starting to show not just how dowsing works, but its use as a tool in scientific research into the understanding of consciousness and the universe. This paper is the first of a series and shows why different dowsers obtain different results for the same measurement. The personal interpretation of observations by the dowser's mind, including possible physiological effects is covered in this paper. Surprisingly, the general reasons for this variability are numerous, including the superimposition of many local and non-local factors, and depend on different times of the day, month, or year on which those measurements are made. As the reasons for the variations involve different branches of physics, including gravity, quantum physics, cosmology, and astrophysics, the following complimentary papers should assist comprehension of the unexpected but exciting findings. Part 1 - Introduction and Personal Factors Part 2 - Daily Variations caused by the Earth Spinning on its Axis Part 3 - Monthly and Annual Variations caused by Gravity Part 4 - The Effects of Geometric Alignments, the Structure of the Universe, and Subtle Energies Part 5 - Communicating Information Instantaneously across the Galaxy In the wider context, the conclusions of this research suggest that concepts such as the mind, consciousness, or even the menstrual cycle are affected not just by our local environment on the Earth, but by the cosmos in general.

A New Quantum Gravity Framework Based on the Twintori Model of Cosmology. (Part 1)

28 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0061v1
title: A New Quantum Gravity Framework Based on the Twintori Model of Cosmology. (Part 1)
authors: Chris Forbes, Dan Visser
category: Astrophysics
type: submission
date: 28 Nov 2009
abstract: In this, the final paper in the recent series on the new twin-tori model of cosmology, the model is developed in a logical way. Its historical development is included, and what follows is a statement of the central axioms of the theory. The reasons for them are described and their use in the theory is shown. What then follows is a brief description of the cosmological side of the theory, and its application to large scale structures and astrophysics. The paper then begins to develop the opposite length scale of the model, that on the order of the nuclear scale and ranging down to planck scale physics and Quantum Gravity. The theory is developed by laying theoretical foundations and mathematical idea's and structures and building on these using phenomenology and statistical techniques to fit parameters for the theory, including the dark energy - dark matter coupling constants. Many basic simplified models are then set out in various dimensions and with varying degrees of physical relevance. The models are also tested against current theory using observations of various physical systems ranging from nuclear physics, both earth-bound and stellar, to galactic dynamics and rotations. Historical deatils are included to increase readability from a variety of backgrounds.

Gravitomagnetics, the Basics of a Simpler Approach

27 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0060v1
title: Gravitomagnetics, the Basics of a Simpler Approach
authors: H. Ron Harrison
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 27 Nov 2009
abstract: Galileo studied bodies falling under gravity and Tycho Brahe made extensive astronomical observations which led Kepler to formulate his three famous laws of planetary motion. All these observations were of relative motion. This led Newton to propose his theory of gravity which could just as well have been expressed in a form that does not involve the concept of force. The approach in this paper extends the Newtonian theory and the Special Theory of Relativity by including relative velocity. This enables the non-Newtonian effects of gravity to be calculated in a simpler manner than by use of the General Theory of Relativity (GR). Application to the precession of the perihelion of Mercury and the gravitational deflection of light gives results which agree with observations and are identical to those of GR. This approach could be used to determine non-Newtonian variations in the trajectories of satellites.

Particle Table

25 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0059v1
title: Particle Table
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 25 Nov 2009
abstract: A table of elementary particles, including the weak force Intermediate Vector Bosons and Higgs particles is presented and discussed. The field vectors (force carriers) are discussed and examples of several types of particle decay are given. A list of technical terms is appended.

Bounds for Sum of Square Roots of Fibonacci Numbers

29 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0058v2
title: Bounds for Sum of Square Roots of Fibonacci Numbers
authors: Hideyuki Ohtsuka
category: Number Theory
type: replacement
date: 29 Nov 2009
abstract: In this paper, we consider bounds for sum of square roots of Fibonacci numbers.

Bounds for Sum of Square Roots of Fibonacci Numbers

25 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0058v1
title: Bounds for Sum of Square Roots of Fibonacci Numbers
authors: Hideyuki Ohtsuka
category: Number Theory
type: submission
date: 25 Nov 2009
abstract: In this paper, we consider bounds for sum of square roots of Fibonacci numbers.

Timeless Quantum Universe in Dynamic Equilibrium

23 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0057v1
title: Timeless Quantum Universe in Dynamic Equilibrium
authors: Amrit S. Sorli
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 23 Nov 2009
abstract: Original solution of gravity motion is curved 4 dimensional cosmic space. Massive objects move into direction of higher curvature of space. Quantum gravity introduces idea that cosmic space is made out of grains of Planck size. If space has granular structure one can consider space also has its density. More mass in given volume of quantum space less space is dense. Less space is dense more space is curved. Massive objects move always into direction of lover density in higher curvature of quantum space. Gravitational motion of massive objects is result of change of density of quantum space. Change of nsity of quantum space is a physical basis for change of its curvature. In black holes density of mass is extremely high and density of space is extremely low. In a centre of black holes mass is transforming in to quanta of space. In outer space density of mass is extremely low, density of space is extremely high. In outer space quanta of space are transforming onto elementary particles i.e. cosmic rays.

A String Theorist Meets the Fisherman's Son

22 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0056v1
title: A String Theorist Meets the Fisherman's Son
authors: David Martin Degner
category: History and Philosophy of Physics
type: submission
date: 22 Nov 2009
abstract: Science is not done in a vacuum but rather in a historical and social context. This reflects mankind's acquisition and use of knowledge over time. I have embedded my science and technology works in a screenplay that puts them into some kind of context. Some people will only read the science, some will only read the technology, some will only read the screenplay and some will read all three. The screenplay would be a comedy if not for the tragic condition of the human species on this planet. The model I present is the simplest theory possible because there is only one particle in its elementary particle bestiary, of which everything in the universe is made. I have named that particle the O umlaut particle and will refer to is as the Ö particle. There are only two possibilities regarding modern physics. Either just about everything is understood or just about nothing is understood. If the twin paradigms of modern physics, Einstein's relativity theories and quantum mechanics, are wrong theories then nothing is understood today and modern physics collapses on itself like a house of cards. I am proposing that just about nothing is currently understood. How can the twin foundations of modern physics be wrong when they explain all experiments? Experiments do not prove theories. All that can emerge from an experiment is that its interpretation is consistent with a theory. My Ö particle model interprets the same body of experimental evidence and explains all phenomena with a simple microscopic model, a fully mechanical elementary particle mechanism for all phenomena. I provide a proof of the entire theory by deriving the elementary quantum of charge from first principles using four fundamental constants - the speed of light, the electron mass, the Bohr radius and the fine structure constant. But my theory is very different than the existing theories. My theory can be understood by everyone over the age of ten or twelve and at a deep level by all adults. My theory makes common sense and is intuitively pleasing and self-evident.

Knot Formation in Open and Closed Self-Avoiding Walks: an Empirical Comparative Study

21 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0055v1
title: Knot Formation in Open and Closed Self-Avoiding Walks: an Empirical Comparative Study
authors: Robert A.J. Matthews
category: Condensed Matter
type: submission
date: 21 Nov 2009
abstract: We describe an empirical study of the formation of knots in open and closed self-avoiding walks (SAWs), based on a simple model involving randomly agitated cords. The results suggest that the probability of a closed SAW remaining knot-free follows a similar scaling law to that for open-ended SAWs. In particular, the process of closing a given SAW prior to random agitation substantially increases the probability that it will be knot-free following agitation. The results point to a remedy for the well-known problem of tangling of cord, rope, headphone cables etc. The simple act of connecting the two free ends to each other, thus creating a loop, greatly reduces the risk of such tangling. Other implications, in particular for DNA storage in cells, are briefly discussed.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

2 Feb 2010

reference: viXra:0911.0054v7
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 2 Feb 2010
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

22 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v6
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 22 Dec 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

3 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v5
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 3 Dec 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

2 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v4
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 2 Dec 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

25 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v3
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 25 Nov 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

22 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v2
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 22 Nov 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?

21 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0054v1
title: Is Entropy Related to the Synchronization of the Input/output Power of a System of Oscillators?
authors: S. Halayka
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 21 Nov 2009
abstract: The objective of this paper is to identify a way to relate entropy with the synchronization of the input/output power of a system of oscillators. This view is ultimately reconciled through an examination of the geometric differences that exist between 2D shell and 3D lattice oscillator arrangements.

Further Research on the Quaoar Criterion

15 Dec 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0053v2
title: Further Research on the Quaoar Criterion
authors: James Gunasekera
category: History and Philosophy of Physics
type: replacement
date: 15 Dec 2009
abstract: The main purpose of this study is to test the criterion and methods described in the article about Nobel Prize laureates[1] on other data. It was shown that the moments of birth of Nobel Prize laureates satisfy the so-called Quaoar criterion much more often than other moments. A random moment of time satisfies the criterion with probability around 0.245, but among the Nobel laureates 33.47% satisfy the criterion. Because there are 726 persons in five categories, this is a statistically significant deviation: 243 of them satisfy, while the mean value is 177.352, and the standard deviation is 11.535. Shape of the distribution is "bell curve". It was observed that deviation is higher if all laureates in Chemistry and Physics are excluded. +6.145 stdev if only 391 laureates in the remaining three categories are considered: Literature, Physiology/Medicine, Peace prize.

Further Research on the Quaoar Criterion

19 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0053v1
title: Further Research on the Quaoar Criterion
authors: James Gunasekera
category: History and Philosophy of Physics
type: submission
date: 19 Nov 2009
abstract: The main purpose of this study is to test the criterion and methods described in the article about Nobel Prize laureates[1] on other data. It was shown that the moments of birth of Nobel Prize laureates satisfy the so-called Quaoar criterion much more often than other moments. A random moment of time satisfies the criterion with probability around 0.245, but among the Nobel laureates 33.47% satisfy the criterion. Because there are 726 persons in five categories, this is a statistically significant deviation: 243 of them satisfy, while the mean value is 177.352, and the standard deviation is 11.535. Shape of the distribution is "bell curve". It was observed that deviation is higher if all laureates in Chemistry and Physics are excluded. +6.145 stdev if only 391 laureates in the remaining three categories are considered: Literature, Physiology/Medicine, Peace prize.

Section 12: Man's Role in Nature

18 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0052v1
title: Section 12: Man's Role in Nature
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Physics of Biology
type: submission
date: 18 Nov 2009
abstract: Man's role in nature seems to divide naturally in two parts: 1) the dispersal of Earth-Life into the galaxy; 2) the enhancement and development of the self-awareness and creativity of the Cosmos. Humanity is, in the first instance, the practical, scientific tool of Gaia, or Mother Earth, evolved as her reproductive agent; and in the second instance, humanity is the perceptual or intelectual tool of the Cosmos, evolved to carry the intelligence and self-awareness of the Cosmos, the agent by which the Cosmos explores, understands, and appreciates itself, including exploring new modes of creativity. Our native spiritual awareness appears to be our intuitive recognition of this cosmic connection. The first role is Earth-oriented, manifesting socially as Science; the second role is Universe-oriented, manifesting socially as Art and Religion, in all their forms. It should be obvious that the first role is in no way intrinsically at odds with the second.

Lepton Generation Problem, Some Properties and Implications of the Curved Spacetime Dirac Equation.

18 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0051v1
title: Lepton Generation Problem, Some Properties and Implications of the Curved Spacetime Dirac Equation.
authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 18 Nov 2009
abstract: This reading is a continuation of the earlier reading Nyambuya (2008); where three new Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations have been derived mainly to try and account in a natural way for the observed anomalous gyromagnetic ratio of fermions and the suggestions is that particles including the Electron, which is thought to be a point particle, do have a finite spatial size and this is one of the reasons for the observed anomalous gyromagnetic ratio. Combining the idea in Nyambuya (2008) which lead to the derivation of the three new Curved Spacetime Dirac Equations, and the proposed Unified Field Theory (Nyambuya 2007), a total of 12 equations each with 16 sub-components are generated thus leading to a total of 192 equations for the Curved Spacetime Dirac Equation. Some symmetries of these equations are investigated, i.e., the Lorentz symmetry, charge conjugation symmetry (C), time reversal symmetry (T), Space reversal (P) and a combination of the C, P&T-symmetries. It is shown that these equations are Lorentz invariant, obey C-symmetry and that some violate T and P-symmetry while others do not and that they all obey PT-symmetry. These symmetries show (or modestly said - seem to suggest) that anti-particles have positive mass and energy but a negative rest-mass and the opposite sign in electronic charge. Through the inspection of these symmetries, a suggestion is (here) made to the effect that the rest-mass of a particle must be related to the electronic charge of that particle thus leading us to a possible resolution of whether or not Neutrinos do have a none-zero rest-mass. Additionally, we demonstrate that these equations have the potency to explain naturally the observed lepton generation phenomena.

Limited Space Domain (L.S.D.) Theory

5 Jan 2010

reference: viXra:0911.0050v2
title: Limited Space Domain (L.S.D.) Theory
authors: Steven Sesselmann
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: replacement
date: 5 Jan 2010
abstract: A relativistic theory of cosmology proposing that the size of an observers Universe depends on it's own rest mass, and that the observers total potential energy domain is 2mc² , spanning the range from -mc² to +mc² . The space dimension of the observers Universe is shown to be limited by the Schwarzschild Radius near the observers center of gravity and by the observers Mass Horizon Radius (MHR) which is the maximum distance from the origin, that an observer of mass m is able to interact. By a leap of faith, this theory draws the conclusion that the size of the Universe is a mass dependent variable. Calculations show that the current astronomical measurements of the Universe, agrees closely with the MHR for a human weighing around 80 kg. More importantly, the MHR gives us a mass to space ratio, which allows us to accurately calculate the mass-energy of empty space.

Limited Space Domain (L.S.D.) Theory

18 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0050v1
title: Limited Space Domain (L.S.D.) Theory
authors: Steven Sesselmann
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 18 Nov 2009
abstract: A relativistic theory of cosmology proposing that the size of an observers Universe depends on it's own rest mass, and that the observers total potential energy domain is 2mc² , spanning the range from -mc² to +mc² . The space dimension of the observers Universe is shown to be limited by the Schwarzschild Radius near the observers center of gravity and by the observers Mass Horizon Radius (MHR) which is the maximum distance from the origin, that an observer of mass m is able to interact. By a leap of faith, this theory draws the conclusion that the size of the Universe is a mass dependent variable. Calculations show that the current astronomical measurements of the Universe, agrees closely with the MHR for a human weighing around 80 kg. More importantly, the MHR gives us a mass to space ratio, which allows us to accurately calculate the mass-energy of empty space.

Yang-Mills Interactions and Gravity in Terms of Clifford Algebra

17 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0049v1
title: Yang-Mills Interactions and Gravity in Terms of Clifford Algebra
authors: Wei Lu
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 17 Nov 2009
abstract: A model of Yang-Mills interactions and gravity in terms of the Clifford algebra Cl_0,6 is presented. The gravity and Yang-Mills actions are formulated as different order terms in a generalized action. The feebleness of gravity as well as the smallness of the cosmological constant and theta terms are discussed at the classical level. The invariance groups, including the de Sitter and the Pati-Salam SU(4) subgroups, consist of gauge transformations from either side of an algebraic spinor. Upon symmetry breaking via the Higgs fields, the remaining symmetries are the Lorentz SO(1,3), color SU(3), electromagnetic U(1)_EM, and an additional U(1). The first generation leptons and quarks are identified with even and odd parts of spinor idempotent projections. There are still several shortcomings with the current model. Further research is needed to fully recover the standard model results.

The Solar Archetype

17 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0048v1
title: The Solar Archetype
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 17 Nov 2009
abstract: Gravity has two primary conservation roles in nature: 1) entropy conservation (at all gravitational field strengths), and 2) symmetry conservation (at high gravitational field strengths). Entropy conservation is accomplished by the gravitational annihilation of space, exposing a metrically equivalent temporal residue. Annihilation converts the expansive spatial entropic drive of free energy (the intrinsic motion of light) to the expansive historical entropic drive of bound energy (the intrinsic motion of time). The implicit temporal drive of spatial expansion (recognized as "spacetime") is converted to (and conserved as ) the explicit temporal drive of history - via gravity. Symmetry conservation is accomplished by the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy (mass to light) in stars, and related astrophysical processes, and ultimately and completely, via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Sunlight completes the symmetry conservation cycle: light - matter - light, which begins with the conversion of light to matter (free electromagnetic to bound electromagnetic energy) during the "Big Bang" and ends with the gravitational conversion of bound to free energy in stars.

Section 8: General Systems, Complex Systems

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0047v1
title: Section 8: General Systems, Complex Systems
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Physics of Biology
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: General Systems, as I use the term, denotes a repeating pattern of natural organization - a fractal algorithm or ordering principle in the Cosmos. While not enforced with the same stringency as a natural law (such as energy conservation), the pattern-forming impulse is nevertheless all-pervasive in nature and seems to proceed from such fundamental principles as resonance and the pathway of least energy or least resistance. It is just simpler, more efficient, and takes less energy to create a universe using self-similar repeating patterns than following any other plan. The "Tetrahedron Model" of cosmic order presents a General System based on a 4x3 universal fractal algorithm.

A Conjectured Multiverse String Cosmology in 26 Dimensions

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0046v1
title: A Conjectured Multiverse String Cosmology in 26 Dimensions
authors: Richard Ruquist
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: Vafa's (11+1) F theory is extended by means of Bars' 2T holographic theory to yield a 14d Multiverse theory that permeates the brane of a 12d Universe in which both the Universe and the Multiverse have (3+1) spacetimes. Given the 2d toroidal compactification of F theory, we conjecture that the Multiverse has a 4d Cartesian compactification that is filled with 3D+T spacetime via the standard 6d elliptic Calabi-Yau compactification, as in both M and F theory. The result is exemplified using supermassive black hole cosmology.

Fractional Dynamics and the Standard Model for Particle Physics

17 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0045v2
title: Fractional Dynamics and the Standard Model for Particle Physics
authors: Ervin Goldfain
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: replacement
date: 17 Nov 2009
abstract: Fractional dynamics is an attractive framework for understanding the complex phenomena that are likely to emerge beyond the energy range of the Standard Model for particle physics (SM). using fractional dynamics and complex-scalar field theory as a baseline, our work explores how physics on the high-energy scale may help solve some of the open questions surrounding SM. Predictions are shown to be consistent with experimental results.

Fractional Dynamics and the Standard Model for Particle Physics

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0045v1
title: Fractional Dynamics and the Standard Model for Particle Physics
authors: Ervin Goldfain
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: Fractional dynamics is an attractive framework for understanding the complex phenomena that are likely to emerge beyond the energy range of the Standard Model for particle physics (SM). using fractional dynamics and complex-scalar field theory as a baseline, our work explores how physics on the high-energy scale may help solve some of the open questions surrounding SM. Predictions are shown to be consistent with experimental results.

Quantized Space-Time and Internal Structure of Elementary Particles: a New Model

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0044v1
title: Quantized Space-Time and Internal Structure of Elementary Particles: a New Model
authors: Hamid Reza Karimi
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: In this paper we present a model in which the time and length are considered quantized. We try to explain the internal structure of the elementary particles in a new way. In this model a super-dimension is defined to separate the beginning and the end of each time and length quanta from another time and length quanta. The beginning and the end of the dimension of the elementary particles are located in this super-dimension. This model can describe the basic concepts of inertial mass and internal energy of the Elementary particles in a better way. By applying this model, some basic calculations mentioned below, can be done in a new way: 1- The charge of elementary particles such as electrons and protons can be calculated theoretically. This quantity has been measured experimentally up to now. 2- By using the equation of the particle charge obtained in this model, the energy of the different layers of atoms such as hydrogen and helium is calculated. This approach is simpler than using Schrödinger equation. 3- Calculation of maximum speed of particles such as electrons and positrons in the accelerators is given.

Zitterbewegung and Higgs Particle. a Short Introduction.

3 Feb 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0043v2
title: Zitterbewegung and Higgs Particle. a Short Introduction.
authors: Giuliano Bettini
category: Quantum Physics
type: replacement
date: 3 Feb 2009
abstract: As I showed in my previous writings [16], a field similar to the gauge boson W provides a helical motion that transforms a TEM in a TE (or TM) in a waveguide. This helical motion in the Hestenes interpretation of electron is the zitterbewegung. In [16] I just talk about electromagnetic fields, TEM and TE, TM. I noticed that "a TEM is wrapped in a waveguide and becomes a TE or TM with mass" and "the Higgs particle do not appear". Similarities inevitable appear, already appeared in [15], all questionable, with neutrinos and electrons / positrons. However Hestenes in "Spacetime calculus", speaking of the helical motion ie zitterbewegung makes more explicitly the hypothesis that, given the above similarities, it seems interesting: "This opens up possibilities for integrating the zitterbewegung idea with electroweak theory. Evidently that would obviate the need for including Higgs bosons in the theory, since the zitterbewegung provides an alternative mechanism to account for the electron mass." In face of a possible elimination of the Higgs particle from the electroweak theory it appears useful to repeat my ideas in a popular way.

Zitterbewegung and Higgs Particle. a Short Introduction.

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0043v1
title: Zitterbewegung and Higgs Particle. a Short Introduction.
authors: Giuliano Bettini
category: Quantum Physics
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: As I showed in my previous writings [16], a field similar to the gauge boson W provides a helical motion that transforms a TEM in a TE (or TM) in a waveguide. This helical motion in the Hestenes interpretation of electron is the zitterbewegung. In [16] I just talk about electromagnetic fields, TEM and TE, TM. I noticed that "a TEM is wrapped in a waveguide and becomes a TE or TM with mass" and "the Higgs particle do not appear". Similarities inevitable appear, already appeared in [15], all questionable, with neutrinos and electrons / positrons. However Hestenes in "Spacetime calculus", speaking of the helical motion ie zitterbewegung makes more explicitly the hypothesis that, given the above similarities, it seems interesting: "This opens up possibilities for integrating the zitterbewegung idea with electroweak theory. Evidently that would obviate the need for including Higgs bosons in the theory, since the zitterbewegung provides an alternative mechanism to account for the electron mass." In face of a possible elimination of the Higgs particle from the electroweak theory it appears useful to repeat my ideas in a popular way.

Event-Symmetric Space-Time

16 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0042v1
title: Event-Symmetric Space-Time
authors: Philip Gibbs
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 16 Nov 2009
abstract: How much can physics explain? "Event-Symmetric Space-Time" presents a startlingly integrated world view from the forefront of physics. So often we read about the new quantum paradigm which has replaced the old mechanistic philosophy of physics, but seldom do we find "what the paradigm is" spelt out so succinctly. "The universe is made of stories, not of atoms." (Muriel Rukeyser) This is the storyteller's point of view. Through a literal interpretation of those words we transcend causality and determinism to see the quantum multiverse as a whole. Throughout this book, the author returns to the principle of event symmetry - in particle physics, in cosmology, in superstring theory, in epistemology. Coupled to the storyteller's paradigm this new idea of philosophy and physics dares to free us from the constraints of our intuition, to reveal natures truths. We are in the midst of a revolution in our understanding of physics and the universe. This new interpretation of superstring theory is slowly helping to bring physicists' long search for the holy grail of knowledge to fruition. At the debut of the twentieth century Einstein revealed how the laws of nature are independent of any co-ordinate system. According to general relativity, no matter how a reference frame of space-time is turned, pulled and stretched, the laws of physics remain the same because gravity keeps track of the changes. Einstein's only restriction was that he did not allow space-time to tear. You cannot cut out two pieces of space-time and swap them over expecting the forces of nature to compensate, or can you? Research attempting to form a theory of quantum gravity suggests that space-time can tear and reconnect in ways which change its topology. This book suggests that Einstein's symmetry must be extended to allow space-time to be atomised into space-time events which can be pulled apart and recombined in any permutation. The unified forces of nature must permit this "event symmetry" just as gravity already permits the more restricted co-ordinate transformations.

Section IV: Introduction to the Weak Force

15 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0041v1
title: Section IV: Introduction to the Weak Force
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 15 Nov 2009
abstract: The weak force is responsible for the creation of matter during the "Big Bang" (apparently via the asymmetric decay of electrically neutral leptoquark-antileptoquark particle pairs), and for the subsequent creation, transformation, and destruction of single elementary particles - particles that do not exist in matter-antimatter pairs (seen as radioactivity, particle decay/transformation, fission). Elementary particles created today must be interchangeable with those created during the "Big Bang" with respect to all conserved parameters - mass, spin, charge, etc. Creating absolutely invariant single elementary particles any time or place is the conservation challenge presented to and surmounted by the weak force, requiring the elaborate mechanism of the Higgs boson and the Intermediate Vector Bosons (IVBs). The great mass of the IVBs recreates the original energy density and unified force symmetry state in which the elementary particle classes (leptons and quarks; leptoquarks; primordial leptons) were originally created, while the Higgs boson "gauges" (scales and selects) the IVBs and unified force symmetry state (there are several) appropriate to the transformation class. It is the quantization of the Higgs boson and the IVBs that ensures the invariance of the weak force transformation mechanism. The weak force charge is "identity" charge (AKA "number" or "flavor" charge), and is carried implicitly by all massive leptons (including leptoquarks) and explicitly by neutrinos.

Section II: Introduction to Gravitation

14 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0040v1
title: Section II: Introduction to Gravitation
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 14 Nov 2009
abstract: Gravity plays two primary conservation roles in nature: 1) energy conservation (at all gravitational field strengths) via the creation of bound energy's (matter's) time or historical dimension and temporal entropy drive; 2) symmetry conservation (at higher gravitational field strengths) via the conversion of bound to free energy (mass to light) in stars and related astrophysical processes, and ultimately, via Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. The relationship of gravity to the other forces is through "Noether's Theorem" of symmetry conservation: all charges and forces originate as symmetry debs of light. The gravitational "location" charge of mass (Gm), whose active principle is time, represents the symmetry debt arising from the (lost) "non-local" distributional symmetry of free energy (which creates every form of bound energy: hv = mcc). Gravity pays the entropy-interest on the symmetry debt of matter by creating a time dimension for bound energy in which charge conservation can have an historical expression and causal significance; gravity pays the energy-principle on the symmetry debt of matter by converting mass to light (in stars and related astrophysical processes). The first reaction causes a deceleration of the expansion of the Cosmos, while the second causes an acceleration (as recently observed).

Cosmological Implications of the Tetron Model of Elementary Particles

14 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0039v1
title: Cosmological Implications of the Tetron Model of Elementary Particles
authors: Bodo Lampe
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 14 Nov 2009
abstract: Based on a possible solution to the tetron spin problem, a modification of the standard Big Bang scenario is suggested, where the advent of a spacetime manifold is connected to the appearance of tetronic bound states. The metric tensor is constructed from tetron constituents and the reason for cosmic inflation is elucidated. Furthermore, there are natural dark matter candidates in the tetron model. The ratio of ordinary to dark matter in the universe is calculated to be 1:5.

Towards a Moyal Quantization Program of the Membrane

17 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0038v2
title: Towards a Moyal Quantization Program of the Membrane
authors: Carlos Castro
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 17 Nov 2009
abstract: A Moyal deformation quantization approach to a spherical membrane (moving in flat target backgrounds) in the light cone gauge is presented. The physical picture behind this construction relies in viewing the two spatial membrane coordinates σ₁, σ₂ as the two phase space variables q, p, and the temporal membrane coordinate τ as time. Solutions to the Moyal-deformed equations of motion are explicitly constructed in terms of elliptic functions. A knowledge of the Moyal-deformed light-cone membrane's Hamiltonian density H(q, p, τ ) allows to construct a timedependent Wigner function ρ(q, p, τ ) as solutions of the Moyal-Liouville equation, and from which one can obtain the expectation values of the operator < H > = Trace (ρH) that define the quantum average values of the energy density configurations of the membrane at any instant of time. It is shown how a time-dependent quartic oscillator with q⁴, p⁴, q²p² terms plays a fundamental role in the quantum treatment of membranes and displays an important p ↔ q duality symmetry.

Towards a Moyal Quantization Program of the Membrane

14 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0038v1
title: Towards a Moyal Quantization Program of the Membrane
authors: Carlos Castro
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 14 Nov 2009
abstract: A Moyal deformation quantization approach to a spherical membrane (moving in flat target backgrounds) in the light cone gauge is presented. The physical picture behind this construction relies in viewing the two spatial membrane coordinates σ₁, σ₂ as the two phase space variables q, p, and the temporal membrane coordinate τ as time. Solutions to the Moyal-deformed equations of motion are explicitly constructed in terms of elliptic functions. A knowledge of the Moyal-deformed light-cone membrane's Hamiltonian density H(q, p, τ ) allows to construct a timedependent Wigner function ρ(q, p, τ ) as solutions of the Moyal-Liouville equation, and from which one can obtain the expectation values of the operator < H > = Trace (ρH) that define the quantum average values of the energy density configurations of the membrane at any instant of time.

An Introduction to the Papers

13 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0037v1
title: An Introduction to the Papers
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 13 Nov 2009
abstract: Because the papers themselves can be difficult for the uninitiated, in spite of my efforts to make them simple and clear, I have written a series of introductory papers designed as a guide to assist the interested reader in working through them. I will try to bring out the main points of the paper, its relation to the remaining body of work, and perhaps make a few comments on its history and structure. There is almost no mathematics in these papers; for the most part, the papers deal only with conservation principles, although of course I make reference to the mathematical theories which provide the formal basis for the conceptual synthesis of this work (Noether's theorem, Einstein's "Interval" and energy relations, the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics, etc.).

A New Cosmological Model for Matter, Energy, Sound, the Origin of the Universe and Gravity

13 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0036v1
title: A New Cosmological Model for Matter, Energy, Sound, the Origin of the Universe and Gravity
authors: Madonna-Megara Holloway
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 13 Nov 2009
abstract: This paper is an abstract of a greater volume of work more than 30 years in formation. It is a thought experiment. In order to present certain concepts, statements are made without supporting scientific observations which would require a substantial manuscript to present. This paper defines a new fabric for space and hypothesizes that matter is formed from this fabric through the agency of Black Holes. Dark sound is theorized. As a consequence of this hypothesis a new model for the origin of the universe is given including new definitions for Black Holes, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy. Neutral electricity, cosmic planes and sub planes are defined. New processes for the coalescing of atoms, the rotation of planets and the observed phenomena of Cosmic Fire are given. Gravity is defined as the result of magnetism and chemical bonds between structures.

Human Development and Life Stages General Systems Models

14 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0035v2
title: Human Development and Life Stages General Systems Models
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: replacement
date: 14 Nov 2009
abstract: Fractal or General Systems models have been extended into the area of human life span development, by myself, deliberately, and earlier by my father, and others, following their own agendas (not intentional GS models). A short discussion with both models is presented below.

Human Development and Life Stages General Systems Models

13 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0035v1
title: Human Development and Life Stages General Systems Models
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 13 Nov 2009
abstract: Fractal or General Systems models have been extended into the area of human life span development, by myself, deliberately, and earlier by my father, and others, following their own agendas (not intentional GS models). A short discussion with both models is presented below.

Opuestos, Grafos Y Arithmeticas

13 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0034v1
title: Opuestos, Grafos Y Arithmeticas
authors: Por Kujonai
category: Algebra
type: submission
date: 13 Nov 2009
abstract: A continuación, pretendo relacionar varios conceptos como modulo, opuestos (o signos), aritmética, el cuarto nivel de hypernumeros de Musean, politopos, especialmente el triangulo, matrices y determinantes, complejos, raices, ..., ya que de esta sopa de conceptos nace mi trabajo, aunque a un nivel mas profundo nace por darle un sentido matemático simple al concepto de opuesto, especialmente a una aritmética de 3 signos, y lo demás fue saliendo a medida de que avanzaba en esto, mientras iba adquiriendo sentido y fuerza.

The Tetrahedron Model in the Context of a Complete Conservation Cycle

12 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0033v1
title: The Tetrahedron Model in the Context of a Complete Conservation Cycle
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory
type: submission
date: 12 Nov 2009
abstract: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), symmetries are associated with conservation laws. In matter, light's (broken) symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, light's symmetries are protected by inertial forces, and conserved (when broken) by gravitational forces. All forms of energy originate as light; matter carries charges which are the symmetry/entropy debts of the light which created it (both concepts are required to fully integrate gravity - which has a double conservation role - with the other forces). Charges produce forces which act to return the material system to its original symmetric state, repaying matter's symmetry/entropy debts. Repayment is exampled by any spontaneous interaction producing net free energy, including: chemical reactions and matter-antimatter annihilation reactions; radioactivity, particle and proton decay; the nucleosynthetic pathway of stars, and Hawking's "quantum radiance" of black holes. Identifying the broken symmetries of light associated with each of the 4 charges and forces of physics is the first step toward a conceptual unification. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

The Weak Force: Identity or Number Charge; Neutrinos

23 Feb 2010

reference: viXra:0911.0032v2
title: The Weak Force: Identity or Number Charge; Neutrinos
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: replacement
date: 23 Feb 2010
abstract: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one will find an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Neutrinos carry "identity" charge (aka "number" or "flavor" charge), the symmetry debt of light's anonymity. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

The Weak Force: Identity or Number Charge; Neutrinos

11 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0032v1
title: The Weak Force: Identity or Number Charge; Neutrinos
authors: John A. Gowan
category: High Energy Particle Physics
type: submission
date: 11 Nov 2009
abstract: "Noether's Theorem" states that in a multicomponent field such as the electromagnetic field (or the metric field of spacetime), where one finds a symmetry one will find an associated conservation law, and vice versa. In matter, light's symmetries are conserved by charge and spin; in spacetime, by inertial and gravitational forces. Neutrinos carry "identity" charge (aka "number" or "flavor" charge), the symmetry debt of light's anonymity. The charges of matter are the symmetry debts of light.

The Higgs Boson vs the Spacetime Metric

11 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0031v1
title: The Higgs Boson vs the Spacetime Metric
authors: John A. Gowan
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 11 Nov 2009
abstract: Currently, there seems to be (at least) two interpretations of the activity of the Higgs boson: 1) the older, original interpretation of the Higgs as the scalar or gauge boson which determines the rest masses of the IVBs and elementary particles (which I can understand and endorse); 2) a newer (additional? alternative?) interpretation consisting of a "Higgs ether" which acts as the source of particle mass in the sense of inertial resistance to acceleration. In this latter interpretation, all massive particles interact with a universal Higgs field in proportion to their bound energy content, and it is this interaction or "Higgs ether drag" which causes the inertial resistance to acceleration we characterize as mass. It is this latter interpretation which I cannot understand or endorse, as it seems to force a distinction between rest mass and inertial mass, and has no power at all to explain Einstein's relativistic mass. However, replacing the "Higgs ether drag" hypothesis (but retaining the Higgs scalar hypothesis) with a "gravitational field drag" hypothesis does allow us to understand the mechanism of relativistic variability in the metric and energetic parameters of mass, and crucially preserves the necessary equivalence between inertial and rest mass.

Massive Star Formation and the Radiation Problem

10 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0030v1
title: Massive Star Formation and the Radiation Problem
authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
category: Astrophysics
type: submission
date: 10 Nov 2009
abstract: Central to the on-going debate on how massive stars come into being is the so-called Radiation Problem. It has been argued that for stars of mass greater than ~ 10M_☉, the radiation field emanating from these objects is high enough to cause a global reversal of direct radial in-fall of the material onto the nascent star. We argue here (1) that this accepted argument applies only to an isolated star, i.e., a star in a vacuum - a star without any circumstellar material around it (2) further that, this argument is applicable only for a spherically symmetric gravitation. Correcting the former, i.e., taking into consideration the circumstellar material, we find that at ~ 10M_☉, the radiation field will begin to create a cavity and, if and only if, the accretion disk is (1) not destroyed and (2) it acts up as the channel via which the star's mass grows; then, the circumstellar material is pushed away gradually until a point is reached when the cavity is the size of the core itself, at which point complete in-fall reversal is attained. If the star is forming inside a gravitationally bound core of mass Mcore, then according to our findings, complete global reversal of in-fall will occur when M_star = (M_core/10M_☉)^1/3. This picture is very different from the common picture that is accepted in the literature that at ~ 10M_☉, all the material - from the surface of the star right up to the edge of the core; is expected to be swept away by the radiation field.

Is the Doubly Special Relativity Theory Necessary?

10 Nov 2009

reference: viXra:0911.0029v1
title: Is the Doubly Special Relativity Theory Necessary?
authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
category: Relativity and Cosmology
type: submission
date: 10 Nov 2009
abstract: Giovanni Amelino-Camelia (2002) has proposed a theory whose hope (should it be confirmed by experiments) is to supersede Einstein's 1905 Special Theory of Relativity (STR). This theory is known as the Doubly Special Relativity (DSR) and it proposes a new observer-independent scale-length. At this scale, it is agreed that a particle that has reached this scale-length, has entered the Quantum Gravity regime. According to the STR, observers will - in principle; not agree on whether or not a particle has reached this length hence they will not agree as to when does a particle enter the Quantum Gravity regime. This presents the STR with a "paradox". Amongst others, the DSR is fashioned to solve this "puzzle/paradox". We argue/show here, that the STR already implies such a scale-length - it is the complete embodiment of the STR, thus we are left to mull and ponder; "Is the Doubly Special Relativity theory necessary?".

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