[4] viXra:1003.0054 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Frank Lichtenberg
Comments: 4 pages
It has been known for quite long time that the electrodynamics of Maxwell equations
can be extended and generalized further into Proca equations. The implications of introducing
Proca equations include an alternative description of superconductivity, via
extending London equations. In the light of another paper suggesting that Maxwell
equations can be written using quaternion numbers, then we discuss a plausible extension
of Proca equation using biquaternion number. Further implications and experiments
are recommended.
Category: Condensed Matter
[3] viXra:1003.0053 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Ervin Goldfain, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 6 pages
Emergent physics refers to the formation and evolution of collective patterns in systems
that are nonlinear and out-of-equilibrium. This type of large-scale behavior often develops
as a result of simple interactions at the component level and involves a dynamic
interplay between order and randomness. On account of its universality, there are credible
hints that emergence may play a leading role in the Tera-ElectronVolt (TeV) sector of
particle physics. Following this path, we examine the possibility of hypothetical highenergy
states that have fractional number of quanta per state and consist of arbitrary
mixtures of particles and antiparticles. These states are similar to "un-particles", massless
fields of non-integral scaling dimensions that were recently conjectured to emerge
in the TeV sector of particle physics. They are also linked to "unmatter", exotic clusters
of matter and antimatter introduced few years ago in the context of Neutrosophy.
The connection between 'unmatter' and 'unparticle' is explained in details in this paper.
Unparticles have very odd properties which result from the fact that they represent fractional
field quanta. Unparticles are manifested as mixed states that contain arbitrary mixtures of
particles and antiparticles (therefore they simultaneously evolve "forward" and "backward" in time).
From this, the connection with unmatter. Using the fractal operators of differentiation and
integration we get the connection between unparticle and unmatter. 'Unmatter' was coined by
F. Smarandache in 2004 who published three papers on the subject.
Category: Condensed Matter
[2] viXra:1003.0035 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 3 pages
Besides matter and antimatter there must exist unmatter (as a new form of matter) in
accordance with the neutrosophy theory that between an entity <A> and its opposite
<AntiA> there exist intermediate entities <NeutA>. Unmatter is neither matter nor
antimatter, but something in between. An atom of unmatter is formed either by (1):
electrons, protons, and antineutrons, or by (2): antielectrons, antiprotons, and neutrons.
At CERN it will be possible to test the production of unmatter. The existence of
unmatter in the universe has a similar chance to that of the antimatter, and its production
also difficult for present technologies.
Category: Condensed Matter
[1] viXra:1003.0022 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 5 pages
One of the most reported problem related to the CMNS (condensed matter nuclear science, or
LENR), is the low probability of Coulomb barrier tunneling. It is supposed by standard physics
that tunneling is only possible at high enough energy (by solving Gamow function).
However, a recent study by A. Takahashi (2008, 2009) and experiment by Arata etc. (2008)
seem to suggest that it is not impossible to achieve a working experiment to create the CMNS
process.
In accordance with Takahashi's EQPET/TSC model [1][2][3], the proposed study will find out
some analytical and numerical solutions to the problem of barrier tunneling for cluster
deuterium, in particular using Langevin method to solve the time-independent Schrödinger
equation. It is hoped that the result can answer some of these mysteries.
Category: Condensed Matter