Biochemistry

1702 Submissions

[4] viXra:1702.0309 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-24 16:25:29

Mechanism of Strand-Biased and Codon-Contexted Somatic Hypermutation in Immunity and Cancer: Implications of the Finding that Adar-Deaminases Can Directly Mediate a-to-I Editing on Both the DNA and Rna Moieties of Rna:dna Hybrids.

Authors: Edward J Steele, Robyn A Lindley
Comments: 10 Pages.

This paper simply links the recent findings of Zheng, Lorenzo and Beal on ADAR-mediated DNA and RNA deamination at RNA:DNA hybrids, to our previous work on strand-biased and codon-context mutation signatures in B lymphocytes (Ig SHM) and codon-contexted exome-wide point mutation patterns in cancer genomes. We conclude that in vivo the A-to-I DNA editing component at RNA: DNA hybrids occurring in Transcription Bubbles, while important, is of far lower A-to-I editing efficiency than in dsRNA substrates (as shown in Zheng et al). Indeed the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids is also edited at similar lower frequency (relative to dsRNA substrates). Further if the A-to-I DNA editing at RNA:DNA hybrids were the sole cause of A-to-I (read as A-to-G) mutation events in vivo then the exact opposite strand biases at A:T base pairs (T>>>A) of what is actually observed (A>>>T) would be predicted. Thus we conclude that the extreme strand-biased somatic mutation patterns documented by us in vivo should be logically interpreted by the predicted sequential steps of the RNA/RT-based mechanism.
Category: Biochemistry

[3] viXra:1702.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-20 20:17:59

Photosynthesis Without Organization in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

It is hypothesized that the simplest biological reactions occur without organization in the atmosphere of a star first, as the star evolves. Organization comes after the chemical reactions take place, and they become biological as organization occurs randomly. Explanation is provided of these simple reactions and predictions are made concerning the formation of glucose, a simple sugar and its oxygen by-product.
Category: Biochemistry

[2] viXra:1702.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2017-02-12 13:29:14

The Formose Reaction in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

It is hypothesized that the first sugars for prebiotic life are formed during stellar evolution according to the general theory of stellar metamorphosis. They are created by formaldehyde being polymerized by iron/nickel meteors, which serve as catalysts, entering the atmospheres of middle aged stars such as Jupiter and Saturn. Explanation is provided.
Category: Biochemistry

[1] viXra:1702.0002 [pdf] replaced on 2017-02-01 15:44:58

Mechanism of Somatic Hypermutation in Immunity and Cancer: Critical Analysis of "DNA Editing in Dna/rna Hybrids by Adenosine Deaminases that Act on RNA" by Zheng y, Lorenzo C and Beal pa (2017) Nucl Acids Research 2017 in Press Doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx050

Authors: Edward J Steele, Robyn A Lindley
Comments: 9 Pages.

This paper simply links the findings of Zheng, Lorenzo and Beal (2017) to our previous work on strand biased and codon-context mutation signatures in B lymphocytes (Ig SHM) and codon-contexted exome-wide point mutation patterns in cancer genomes. We conclude that in vivo the A-to-I DNA editing component at RNA: DNA hybrids occurring in Transcription Bubbles, while important, is of far lower A-to-I editing efficiency than in dsRNA substrates (as shown in Zheng et al 2017). The extreme strand biased mutation patterns documented by us in vivo should be logically rationalized by the predicted sequential steps of the RNA/RT-based mechanism.
Category: Biochemistry